May's top occupy movements and intervention slogan ideas. Generate Slogans For Your Business Choose the perfect tagline That's it! Since 1979 the average pre-tax income for the bottom 90% of households has decreased by $900, while that of the top 1% increased by over $700,000, as federal taxation became less progressive. [50] It was originally launched as a Tumblr blog page in late August 2011. [152] On 11 November, Remembrance Day in Canada, police forcibly removed tents from Victoria Park in Halifax, Nova Scotia and arrested 15 protestors. In her critique of the Occupy movement, American political philosopher Jodi Dean argues that the focus on autonomy, leaderlessness and horizontality paved the way for conflicts and disillusionment within the movement: Emphasis on autonomy encouraged people to pursue multiple, separate and even conflicting goals rather than work toward common ones. By the end of 2011 authorities had cleared most of the major camps, with the last remaining high-profile sites in Washington, D.C. and in London evicted by February 2012. World Socialist Web Site. [129] The occupiers claim that sleep is human right and is essential for mental, physical and emotional health, citing that human beings need to spend nearly a third of their lives sleeping. [308], On 15 November, an Occupy camp was established in the centre of Leicester near the Highcross shopping centre. [102] In the words of one occupier, it can help them gain media coverage if they "make things a little sexy and badass" . Shell to Sea, Tir na Saor and many other non-political groups to participate and all set up camp outside the Central Bank of Ireland in solidarity with the Occupy Wall Street movement in New York. On that day, 5,000 people gathered in Vancouver to protest perceived social injustice, while 150 stayed the night in front of the Vancouver Art Gallery. [235] Occupy protests have also begun at Nantes, Lyon, Grenoble, Marseille,[236] Perpignan and more than 50 cities. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. [262] A seventh Occupy protest started on 19 November in the Lower Hutt suburb of Pomare by a group called "Pomare Community Voice" to highlight what they call the "loss of community" caused by the demolition of state homes in the area. So rather than solving the problem of left political organization by focusing on process and immediate questions of action, as anarchism suggests, Occupy Wall Street in fact poses it anew. In November 2011, U.S. [237], On 31 March 2016, students and young workers began occupying public spaces in France in opposition to the 2016 neoliberal labor reforms in a protest movement known as Nuit debout. sprung up as an initiative primarily aimed at protesting and inciting mass action against the economic and social inequality in the country. [199] On 28 June 2018, Federal officers moved in the early morning to remove or arrest protesters blockading the building. [255], S. Ganbaatar, the head of Mongolia's Confederation of Trade Unions (CTU), has announced that the association joins the worldwide occupy protests of Wall Street and other high streets on 20 October 2011. [388] FBI officials later met with representatives of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond and Zions Bank about planned protests. The movement has shifted to a mobile camp tactic, and still holds GA every Wednesday and other activities throughout the week. On 20 February 2012[203] near Margaryan Maternity Clinic, where kiosks were being built by the city authorities. "A critical element in nearly all effective social movements is leadership. ", "How the Protests Will Impact Turkey at Home and Abroad", "Taksim Solidarity's immediate demands What is happening in Istanbul? Many hold[who?] Some[who?] Slogan Making Directions: Create a slogan on your personal opinion or insights on the concepts, aspects and changes of culture and society. [230] Police dissolved the camp a month later.[231]. One way to add a little bit of life to your business or campaign is with a catchy slogan. Enter a keyword and click on the 'Generate' button to create slogans for your business. As a result, the Occupy Wall Street Movement has been consistently confronted with accusations of anti-Semitism. Such reporting is vital to democracy, and authorities at every level of government federal, state and local must honour their constitutional obligation not to infringe upon the freedom of the press. ", "#OWS: The brand leaders cannot afford to ignore", "State of the union: President Obama addresses inequality", "Former Obama Adviser: Focus on U.S. Inequality in Election-Year State of the Union Has Occupy Wall Street's Imprint", "Revealed: how the FBI coordinated the crackdown on Occupy", FBI Documents Reveal Secret Nationwide Occupy Monitoring, "Occupy protesters sue over free speech, force", "FOIA Documents Show FBI Was Watching Occupy Protestors, Some Docs Still Secret on National Security Grounds", "FBI Gets OK on Alleged Murder Plot Info Cache", "FBI Ordered to Justify Shielding of Records Sought About Alleged 'Occupy' Sniper Plot", "Levels of Subjective Globalization: Ideologies, Imaginaries, Ontologies", "Occupy founder calls on Obama to appoint Eric Schmidt 'CEO of America', "Why an Occupy activist turned Googler thinks Eric Schmidt should run the US", "OWS Founder Calls on Obama to Appoint Google's Eric Schmidt 'CEO of America', "Attention-Seeker Calls for Google's Eric Schmidt to Be "CEO of America", "Occupy Wall Street: Does anyone care about the anti-Semitism? [254], Occupy Mexico did not achieve the level of popularity it gained in other areas. There was support from the global movement, but most of the activity took place in Nigeria itself, with a report from CSM saying strikes were effectively shutting down whole cities. just people doing things and helping each other". Prohibiting sleep by making it illegal for people to protect themselves and their belongings from the elements causes sleep deprivation; it is inhumane, unconstitutional, and amounts to torture. An outstanding feature of the Occupy Movement is the growing solidarity with labor, faith based and community organizations. Thus, the top 20% of Americans owned 85% of the country's wealth and the bottom 80% of the population owned 15% an example of the Pareto principle. Illustrate your slogan in a 4 size of illustration board with your explanation. [143], In the early morning hours of 25 October, police cleared and closed an Occupy Oakland encampment in Frank Ogawa Plaza in Oakland, California. [295] A canon of St. Paul's, Reverend Giles Fraser, said he was happy for people to "exercise their right to protest peacefully" outside the cathedral and an indefinite encampment was established. It consists of a loose informal affiliation of on-the-ground groups and individuals across South Africa as well as internet based groups. occupy movements and intervention phrases, taglines & sayings with picture examples. [181], The Occupy movement has "already transformed beyond recognition from its original state" and "campaigns have emerged outside the constraint of the trademark Occupy tactics. [367] As of September 2014, Rolling Jubilee claims to have cancelled more than $15million in medical debt and $4million in private student loan debt. Some of the most popular brand slogans that have stood the test of time are: What is a slogan and why should you have one for your business? Maybe its Maybelline. Weve all heard these a million times, even when we arent thinking directly about the brands themselves. Occupy camps were established in the financial district of St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh on 15 October 2011. "The point of Occupy Wall Street . These studies importantly emphasize the unique features of contemporary social movements such as the Arab Spring, Occupy Wall Street, the Syntagma movement, Indignad@s, or Yosoy132, characterized . . Grant, Drew (24 December 2012). First used by Bhagat Singh when he shouted it out loud after bombing the Central Assembly in Delhi in 1929. Choose from thousands of options instantly generated by the slogan creator tailored to your keywords. We are the 99% 2. [359], On 15 December 2011, Jesse Jackson said that Jesus Christ, Mahatma Gandhi, and Martin Luther King Jr. were all occupiers, and that: "Occupy is a global spirit, which is now sweeping the nation and the world, fighting for justice for all of God's children". [294] The London Stock Exchange in Paternoster Square was the initial target for the protesters of Occupy London on 15 October 2011. Decisions are made using the consensus model of participatory democracy. The Occupy Dataran movement first held their assembly at Dataran Merdeka (Independence Square) seven weeks before Occupy Wall Street on 30 July 2011[247] to create an alternative to the current representative democracy[248] using the popular assembly model based on principles of participatory democracy. Whether you work for a startup, own a small business, or are on the marketing team for a big corporation, a great slogan can help your customers remember your brand so that you stand out amongst the competition. Occupy Wall Street (OWS) was a protest movement that began in September, 2011 in the financial district of New York City. Be sure there are no double meanings or translations that could land you in hot water. He helped organize the initial Occupy Wall Street protest and was credited with helping to develop the slogan "We are the 99%." Graeber was a professor of anthropology at the London School of Economics and author of "Debt: The First 5000 Years" (2011), "The Utopia of Rules" (2015), and "Bullshit Jobs: A Theory" (2018). [320] The group protested the demolition of the historic student-teacher shared space, due for refurbishment as a senior management corporate dining room.[321]. The movement has had many different scopes, since local groups often had different focuses, but its prime concerns included how large corporations (and the global financial system) control the world in a way that disproportionately benefits a minority, undermines democracy and causes instability. St. Andrews Square is the home of the Royal Bank of Scotland headquarters in the Dundas House mansion. Banks met with the FBI to pool information about participants of the Occupy movement collected by corporate security, and the FBI offered to bank officials its plans to prevent Occupy events that were scheduled for a month later. But, it was not sustained over the following year, with the user ratio dropping to less than 5% in the last three months of the study period.[113]. The concept of the 99 percent vs. the 1 percent wasn't a new one. Practicality dominates and there is not a single demand for relief from the ontological dominance of modern practices and subjectivities that abstract, codify, rationalize and objectify our lives. A good way to vet a slogan is to send it to friends/family/customers for honest feedback. Every great business requires a bit of creativity in order to stand out. 1. The reason for the delay in articulating a clear demand was given as the time it takes to reach a consensus with the sometimes slow processes of participatory democracy. We invite you to try different iterations to find a catchy and memorable slogan for your business. Favor options that are funny, use rhyme or alliteration, or have personal meaning. Here are some ways to make your own at zero cost. While the creative aspects of running a business might seem like the fun part, we all need a bit of inspiration from time to time to get the juices flowing. Sharp himself warned that many of the tactics the movement were employing were not effective. Responses to the movement from celebrities were both in-person and online. In more than two dozen cities across the nation the movement took on the housing crisis by re-occupying foreclosed homes, disrupting bank auctions and blocking evictions. We are the change 4. [citation needed], The longest US "re-occupation" started on 1 December 2011, when evicted activists from the Occupy Portland camp set up a table on the plaza of Portland's City Hall and lit a candle, igniting the 24/7 Prayer Vigil to Lift the Camping Ban, referring to the city's anti-"camping" ordinances that were cited during the eviction. [119][non-primary source needed], The WikiLeaks endorsed news site WikiLeaks Central began promoting the idea of a "US Day of Rage,"[120] on 10 March 2011. The French revolutionaries fought under the banner . [331] New York City journalists responded to what they perceived as "alarming suppression, abuse and arrests of reporters" by forming "The Coalition for the First Amendment" to "monitor police-press relations as a way of spotlighting police activities that threaten constitutional protections". Inspired by Occupy Wall Street, British protesters organized an occupation of the London Stock Exchange to bring attention to what they saw as unethical behavior on the part of banks. Support for the movement varied markedly among countries, with South Korea (67%), Indonesia (65%), and India (64%) reporting the highest sympathy and Australia (41%), Japan (41%), and Poland (37%) reporting the lowest.[170]. [140][141] Several hundred protesters were arrested across the U.S., mostly for refusing to obey police orders to leave public areas. Police fired tear gas canisters at the protestors, allegedly in response to objects being thrown at them. International activists involved in the Occupy Movement have seen it stall due a lack of synergy to work with other alternative movements calling for change. The goals of those protests included support of longshoremen and truckers in disputes with EGT and terminal operator SSA Marine (partially owned by Goldman Sachs). The short-term demands called on the state, including the police and the judiciary, to properly investigate and prosecute the guilty in five specific cases which took place immediately prior to the movement's start. [189][190], On 3 April 2016, hundreds of supporters of Bernie Sanders protested outside of CNN's Headquarters in Los Angeles. Also favor options that are funny, use rhyme or alliteration, or have personal meaning. [242] Many other protests occurred in other Italian cities the same day. [405][406][407][408][409] However, Abraham Foxman, national director of the Anti-Defamation League stated that "it's not surprising that in a movement that deals with economic issues you're going to get bigots that believe in this stereotype[however] they are not expressing or representing a larger view."[406]. over 951 cities across 82 countries, and in over 600 communities in the United States, participatory democracy in ancient Athens, International Longshore and Warehouse Union, 24/7 Prayer Vigil to Lift the Camping Ban, 2016 United States presidential elections, List of Occupy movement protest locations, Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011, List of Occupy movement protest locations in the United States, 2011 United States public employee protests, Anti-austerity movement in Spain (Indignados Movement), Anti-austerity movement in the United Kingdom, List of countries by distribution of wealth, Selected Historical income tax rates in the U.S. (19132010), "FOTO in VIDEO: 'Elitna skupina mokih nadzira financni sistem', "Man found dead in tent during Occupy Okla. City protest; police say death not suspicious", "2 Deaths at Occupy Protests in Calif. and Vermont", "Two deaths near Occupy camps in Oakland and Burlington", Wall Street protesters: We're in for the long haul, "#OccupyWallSt, Then #OccupyKSt, Then #OccupyMainSt", "Occupy the World: The '99 Percent' Movement Goes Global", "Occupy America: protests against Wall Street and inequality hit 70 cities", "Authorities move against Occupy protest", "Occupy movement: city-by-city police crackdowns so far", "Authorities clear St Paul's Occupy camp", "Riot police smash Occupy Wall Street demo", "Tahrir Square protesters send message of solidarity to Occupy Wall Street", "From a single hashtag, a protest circled the world", "Cornel West on Occupy Wall Street: It's the Makings of a U.S. [286] The 15-M Movement drew inspiration from 2011 revolutions in Tunisia, Egypt and uprisings in 1968 France, South Korea in 1980 and 1987 and Greece in 2008. [226], Around 800 student protestors began occupying universities across Colombia on 12 November 2011. [389] Surveillance of protestors was also carried out by the Joint Terrorism Task Force. Our free slogan maker generates hundreds of possible slogans in one click. [76] The global movement has been called the reinvention of politics, revolution, and utopia in the twenty-first century. This singular dominance of the modern becomes clear in the long list of demands that follow. The camp had lasted for 215 days. Public attention to the pepper-sprayings resulted in a spike of news media coverage, a pattern that was to be repeated in the coming weeks following confrontations with police. [392], Following actions by police and municipal officials to use force in closing various Occupy tent camps in public spaces, lawsuits have been filed, while others are being planned. According to French protestors, relations with the police have varied considerably. On the morning of 16 May 2012 at approximately 4:30am, the Occupy camp in Eyre Square in Galway, the longest-lasting of the Occupy groups in Ireland, was removed by An Garda Sochna and Galway City Council. On 10 November 2011, The Daily Telegraph reported that the word "occupy" had been the "most commonly used English word on the internet and in print" over the past 12 months according to a top ten list published by media analysis company Global Language Monitor. Police used a technique called "netting", the use of orange plastic nets to corral protesters, and the march received extensive media coverage when a video of several "netted" young women being pepper sprayed was widely circulated. Known as Occupy CNN, protestors are claiming that major media networks have intentionally blacked out Sanders' presidential campaign in favor of giving much more airtime to candidates such as Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. People really want to know exactly what is the protesters' message. "[39], One of the inspirations for the movement was the Democracy Village set up in 2010, outside the British Parliament in London. [205], "Occupy" demonstrations took place in Canberra, Wollongong,[206] Perth,[207] Sydney,[208] Brisbane,[209] and Melbourne,[210] as well as smaller towns around the country. ", "700 Arrested After Wall Street Protest on N.Y.'s Brooklyn Bridge", "Citing Police Trap, Protesters File Suit", "Occupy Wall Street protesters win legal victory in Brooklyn bridge arrests", "Occupy Wall Street protests come to London", "Occupy London Stock Exchange attracts 9,000 followers on Facebook", "Thousands of Occupy protesters fill New York Times Square. By 19 September, seven people had been arrested. ", "Police clear Occupy Oakland camps, arrest dozens", "Some Cities Begin Cracking Down on 'Occupy' Protests", "Early morning police raid ousts Occupy Oakland", "Scott Olsen injuries prompt review as Occupy Oakland protests continue", "US Occupy protesters clash with police at Oakland port", "Occupy the Roads | Economic & Social Justice", "Arrests as Halifax Cops Evict Occupy protesters", "RAW VIDEO: Chopper footage of 100,000+ Occupy Oakland Takes back Highway", "Its camp is gone, but the Occupy movement will grow", "UCD police chief placed on administrative leave", "Open Letter to Chancellor Linda P.B. [394], In 2013, MIT doctoral student Ryan Shapiro, collecting research on the role of the FBI in the Occupy movement, sent the FBI three FOIA requests regarding "a potential plan to gather intelligence against the leaders of [Occupy Wall Street-related protests in Houston] and obtain photographs, then formulate a plan to kill the leadership [of the protests] via suppressed sniper rifles". ), - Use words that elicit joy (Disneyland: The happiest place on Earth), - Challenge your readers (Lays: Betcha cant just eat one), - Adopt a phrase associated with a problem your business solves (Verizon: Can you hear me now? [40] According to Bloomberg Businessweek, protesters wanted more and better jobs, more equal distribution of income, bank reform, and a reduction of the influence of corporations on politics. A famous slogan that does catchy well is Nike's Just do it. [17][18][156] However, John Gapper, chief business commentator at the FT, offered a different view. Advertisement allainedancil17 is waiting for your help. [306], On 11 November, police arrested 179 people believed to be EDL supporters[307] on Armistice Day after apparent threats to the St Paul's camp were posted on Facebook. [268][269], In March 2017, thousands of urban poor from the Kalipunan ng Damayang Mahihirap (Kadamay) led the occupation of vacant government shelters in Pandi, Bulacan, Philippines. [211] Occupiers returned the following day in a walk against police violence, re-occupying multiple sites since. [384], Government documents released in December 2012 pursuant to Freedom of Information Act requests by the Partnership for Civil Justice Fund reveal FBI monitoring of what became known as the Occupy movement since at least August 2011, a month before the protests began. About 100 to 200 people stayed overnight in Zucotti Park, two blocks north of Wall Street. For it is through smart, persistent, and authoritative leaders that a movement generates the appropriate concepts and language that captures the frustration, anger, or fear of the group's members and places responsibility where it is warranted." The long-term demands focused on policy reform in the arenas of migration and rape laws, among others. "Just Because You Are Paranoid Doesn't Mean the FBI Wasn't Monitoring You: Occupy Wall Street Edition". [61][62][63] During the economic expansion between 2002 and 2007, the income of the top 1% grew 10 times faster than the income of the bottom 90%. In an Al Jazeera interview, he said, "The [Occupy] protesters don't have a clear objective, something they can actually achieve. A slogan captures a brands personality, values, ideology, and mission all in few, carefully selected words. [12], This site is using cookies under cookie policy . In the US, universities including Columbia and Roosevelt have begun offering courses about the movement, in the case of Columbia the course includes field work where students join in with Occupy activities. In an article for Adbusters, he wrote with enthusiasm about the "revolutionary potential of [the students'] struggle". [204] "Occupy" demonstrations are still continuing in Mashtots Park, and the leader of the Greens party Armenak Dovlatyan has named it the most successful civic action in the history of Armenia. Utopia Revisited, "Beyond Wall Street: 'Occupy' protests go global", "The Geospatial Characteristics of a Social Movement Communication Network", "The Digital Evolution of Occupy Wall Street", "Occupy protesters take over foreclosed homes", "Will Extremists Hijack Occupy Wall Street? [364] Longer term effects are much less clear, as according to Google search trends, in the years since 2012 interest has waned. Now that you have the right slogan, your business will make its impression on customers like never before! [276][277], Hundreds of protesters held rallies in the South Korean capital of Seoul on 15 and 22 October in 2011 under the slogan of "Occupy Seoul". Designed By: : Gemini Geeks Tech. [24][25] According to The Washington Post, the movement, which Cornel West described as a "democratic awakening", is difficult to distill to a few demands. 2011: Worldwide Revolution", "Seoul joins Occupy Wall Street movement", "S. Korean activists hold another 'Occupy Seoul' protests", "Occupy Movements in 80 countries today; Seoul joins with an overnight protest", "Spanish youth rally in Madrid echoes Egypt protests", " (In the footsteps of the Spanish 'indignados')", "Los sbados de Islandia llegaron al 15-M (Icelandic saturdays appear on 15-M)", "Taksim'le balad yurdun drt yanna yayld / 3 Foto Haber Galeri", "Turkish PM accuses protesters of walking 'arm-in-arm with terrorism', "What's driving unrest and protests in Turkey? [64] Over 1,000,000 euros of damage (equivalent to over 1.3million dollars) was recorded. [324] By 9 October, similar demonstrations were either ongoing or had been held in 70 major cities and over 600 communities across the U.S.[16] The movement rejects existing political institutions and attempts to create alternative ones through direct action and direct democracy. Celebration of horizontality heightened skepticism toward organizing structures like the General Assembly and the Spokes Council, ultimately leading to the dissolution of both. About 200 protesters tried to storm barricades blocking them from Wall Street and the Stock Exchange. ", "Protesters to Occupy Perth during CHOGM", "Running update as the US Occupy Wall Street protest hits Brisbane", "Police and Occupy Melbourne protesters clash again", "Protesters arrested as chaos descends on CBD", "Occupy Leuven bezet Leuvense Grote Markt", "Occupy Gent trekt 400 mensen naar zuidpark", "Brazilian Protester Shot With Rubber Bullet for Knocking Officer's Cap Off (Published 2015)", "Occupy Vancouver draws 5,000 downtown to protest greed", Occupy Vancouver protesters say they aren't moving, Occupy Toronto protesters settle in at St. James Park, "Occupy Montreal continues in Victoria Square", "This is what democracy looks like: Occupying Wall Street and Bay Street", "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms", "Estudiantes comenzaron acampada en plena universidad", "Prague sees largest anti-government protest since 1997", "Okupuj Klrov. During a 2015 movement "Ocupe Estelita", a police officer was suspended for shooting protesters with rubber bullets for knocking off his cap. This page was last edited on 9 April 2023, at 03:40. Then level it up with $100 in App Store Credits. [132], On 4 October, a group of protesters who were arrested on the bridge filed a lawsuit against the city, alleging that officers had violated their constitutional rights by luring them into a trap and then arresting them. On 22 October it was reported that over 2,000 people took part in a demonstration organized by Occupy Dame Street. The initial protests in Istanbul on 28 May 2013 were led by about 50 environmentalists[288] against replacing Taksim Gezi Park with a reconstruction of the Ottoman Era Taksim Military Barracks (the scene of pro Sultan riots in 1909). [82], The movement has been described as having an "overriding commitment" to participatory democracy. On 13 August 2012, the High Court ruled that the protesters must leave the occupied area. On your paper, write the grammatical signals used and identify the cause-and-effect ideas pre assertions of leaderlessness as a principle incited a kind of paranoia around leaders who emerged but could not be acknowledged or held accountable as leaders. believe that there was social media blockage of Sanders' presidential campaign, in favor of more airtime for Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton. [112] Some[who?] "[136][137][138], On 15 October 2011 global protests were staged around the world, with thousands of protesters staging demonstrations in 900 cities including Auckland, Sydney, Hong Kong, Taipei, Tokyo, So Paulo, Paris, Madrid, Berlin, Hamburg, Leipzig, Boston and many other cities. Choose from all the answers the slogan maker generates from a built-in algorithm. A slogan is important to a business as it can set you apart from your competitors. It showed 40% of users produced Occupy related content during peak activity of the movement. An entire generation across the globe has grown up realizing, rationally and emotionally, that we have no future in the current order of things. Three took place on the Grand Market in the centre of the city and one took place at a building of the city's Catholic university. 176 were released without charge and 3 were bailed "pending further inquiries". [81] In December 2011, Occupy Homes embarked on a movement to assist home owners who had lost or were scheduled to lose their homes due to foreclosure as a result of what they called the illegal practices used by banks that took advantage of consumers. There are many other free tools you can use for your business. Some known impacts to date include the following: In the United States, the protests have helped shift the focus of national dialogue from the federal budget deficit to economic problems many ordinary Americans face, such as unemployment,[361] the large amount of student and other personal debt that burdens middle class and working class Americans,[362] and other major issues of social inequality, such as homelessness. [167][168] The agreement resolved a year-long dispute, paving the way for ILWU Local 21 workers to work inside the $200million grain terminal at the Port of Longview in south-west Washington state. None are more hopelessly enslaved than those who falsely believe they are free. Our smartwatch is compatible with Android and iPhone. [105][106], In September, sympathetic coverage given to the movement by the media was substantially increased after the circulation of a video of pepper spray being used by a police commander against peaceful female protestors. [127] On 15 October events were held in many cities worldwide.[128]. 95 arrests were made and 43 reports of police violence were filed. Andrew Jackson was Right: No to Bank Nationalization. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, Slogan on occupy movements and intervention with explanation, ENGLISH 8 ACTIVITY: Write a paragraph about 6 Steps on How to Avoid Bullying (Problem-Solution), refer on Module 1, Quarter 4 (Using Appropriate Gramm