A.V. Westcott and Hort were spiritualists. I would venture to say that their doctrinal positions are not perfect, especially when they were younger because no one has perfect doctrinal positions. We can conclude that any modern translation that uses majestic, literary or grand language is not generally reflecting the text and style of the Greek manuscripts of the New Testament. But HORT DID NOT FAIL TO REACH HIS MAJOR GOAL. text (Erwin Nestle and Kurt Aland, Novum Testamentum Graece, 24th edition, 1960, p. 62). That is, it is generally shorter than the text of other forms, and it does not exhibit the degree of grammatical and stylistic polishing that is characteristic of the Byzantine type of text. These men were hereticks. (3) How many textual errors (differences) are in the handful of Byzantine manuscripts used to make the Textus Receptus, which is behind the KJV? Translators of the Bible over the years have used these agreeing manuscripts to make what is called the MAJORITY TEXT. Burkitt. Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia,Novum Testamentum Graece28th Edition (NA28), United Bible Societies 5th Edition (UBS5). This was not a faithfully accurate copy. He has authored 220+ books. Psalm 23:1) chopped off the front.. Westcott did not have faith in Spiritualism, he had want of [(lack of)] faith in Spiritualism. A textual critic sets himself up as judge over Gods Word, when no man has such a right. Codex Vatican (B) And what do we know about these men who made themselves the judges over Gods holy Word? [4] (Greenlee, Introduction to New Testament Textual Criticism 1995, 76-7). When voices started saying that the Gospel of John was a much later invention (as late as 200AD) we discovered papyrus fragment p.52 dated at probably 115AD from almost as soon as the ink was dry on the original!! The climax of this restoration era goes to the immediate successors of these men, the two English Bible scholars B. F. Westcott and F. J. Codex Bezae (D). Translations are not based on the previous translation and revised, which is the claim of Mormons, , they are based on the manuscripts available, this is an important point to, There are a number of theories about text types and families which have some intellectual and academic credibility. In 1853 these two Cambridge professors, Westcott and Hort, began to prepare a Greek Text based primarily on the Vaticanus and Sinaiticus manuscripts. The Westcott-Hort Greek text is very significant and its editors are highly significant to the history of textual criticism. The Occult Connections of Westcott and Hort. So, what was the New Testament Text before the 9th century when the Byzantine came to be the majority and up until that time the Alexandrian was the majority? White and others attempting to discredit the defense of the King James Bible claim that Westcott and Hort are not important because (they say) the modern versions (NASV and NIV) are not based on the Alexandrian text or on the Westcott and Hort text. Textual criticism is flawed because mans judgment is by nature flawed with bias. Vulgate, with influence from the original Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. Codex Sinaiticus (Aleph) () Of course, the manuscript discoveries of the past one hundred years have changed things, but it is remarkable how often they have affirmed the decisions of Westcott and Hort. As was stated earlier, Lucian produced the Syrian text, renamed the Byzantine text. Brooke Foss Westcott and John Maurice Schulhof, eds., Saint Pauls Epistle to the Ephesians: The Greek Text with Notes and Addenda, Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London; New York: The Macmillan Company, 1909), v. Brooke Foss Westcott and Arthur Westcott, eds., The Gospel according to St. John Introduction and Notes on the Authorized Version, Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London: J. Murray, 1908), v. Brooke Foss Westcott, ed., The Epistles of St. John: The Greek Text with Notes and Essays, 4th ed., Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London; New York: Macmillan, 1902), v. Brooke Foss Westcott, ed., The Epistle to the Hebrews the Greek Text with Notes and Essays, 3d ed., Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London: Macmillan, 1903). Together, they produced The New Testament in the Original Greek of 1881, the pinnacle of textual studies by dozens of textual scholars since the days of Erasmus in 1536. Brooke Westcott and Fenton Hort's new Greek text became the Greek Nestle-Aland and UBS textbooks used by most Catholic and Protestant translators today. Both delete almost the same number of significant portions of verses (WH--193, UBS 185). Westcott and Hort - Wikipedia This criticism aside, the Westcott and Hort text is extremely reliable. I have used the NIV for comparison. the KJV, it doesnt include 1 John 5:7 or the end of Mark, but it is established by many manuscripts. The following brief comments are not meant to stand alone, please use the links that follow that will enlarge, reinforce, and add to the article. Once we understand that we become aware of some of the shortcomings of the KJV. The material is copyrighted and should not be reprinted under any other name or author. God help you. BibleGateway+ is less than $5/mo. (1993). [6], Westcott and Hort distinguished four text types in their studies. List Of Bible Translations By Year - Believers Portal We do not solicit funds from those who do not agree with our preaching and who are not helped by these publications. baseline is the original Greek and Hebrew, so what we compare all versions to is the best text we can produce, our favourite translation. If we are to understand the foundation of the NIV, it is critical to understand that the NIV is translated from these five manuscripts above which do not agree with one another. Westcott & Hort were scholars and were peer tested by many others. My fatherceasedto interest himself in these matters, not altogether, I believe, fromwant offaith in what, for lack of a better name, one must call Spiritualism, but becausehe was seriously convinced that such investigations led to no good. (Life and Letters of Brooke Foss Westcott, Vol. In fact, Constantine had ordered 50 copies of the whole of the Bible for the church in Constantinople. Subsequently other critical editions appeared, including those prepared by Constantin von Tischendorf, whose eighth edition (186972) remains a monumental thesaurus of variant readings, and the influential edition prepared by two Cambridge scholars, B. F. Westcott and F. J. A study Bible with a modern English translation of the Scriptures from their original languages. Naturally so because they were Greek textual scholars. Riplinger links the spiritualist teachings of Westcott and Hort to the occult teachings of Madame Helena P. Blavatsky who wrote the Lucifer magazine. A reading combining two simple, alternative readings is later than the two readings comprising the conflation, and manuscripts rarely or never supporting conflate reading are text antecedent to mixture and are of special value. The KJV was a superb translation for its day. This version has been dedicated to the Public Domain, Revision of the American Standard Version, The Beloved and I: New Jubilees Version of the Sacred Scriptures in Verse, Unofficial Catholic translation by layman Ronald L. Conte Jr., a self described theologian, which is in the public domain, Christian Community Bible, English version. We suspect that these two manuscripts are indebted for their preservation, solely to their ascertained evil character . Once we understand that we become aware of some of the shortcomings of the KJV. Naturally so because they were Greek textual scholars. What lies each of you believe in. - "About" David Cloud [7] The minuscules play a minimal role in this edition. Horts success in this task and the cogency of his tightly reasoned theory shapedAND STILL SHAPESthe thinking of those who approach the textual criticism of the NT through the English language (emphasis added) (Ernest Cadman Colwell, Scribal Habits in Early Papyri: A Study in the Corruption of the Text, The Bible in Modern Scholarship, ed. The result of it all is a methodological quagmire where objective controls on the conclusions of critics are nearly nonexistent. The most radical within the fundamentalist movement are known as the King James Version Onlyist. God has been gracious to us in that when there were voices contesting the authenticity of the OT record the dead sea scrolls were discovered. Textual scholars use the abbreviations "WH" [1] or "WHNU". The NIV (and others) is taken from the five Minority texts, which do not agree. We know the verdict and outcome before the trial is over. (11) If the KJVOist advocates are correct and the copyists for the Byzantine text DID NOT make all of the additions to the Greek text but rather the Alexandrian copyists removed them, why do the 140+ papyri manuscripts discovered in the 1930s the 1950s date with decades of the originals, 200 years before the 4th-century Alexandrian Vaticanus and Sinaiticus and 350 years before the earliest 5th-century Byzantine text looks just like the Alexandrian of manuscripts? Westcott and Hort were spiritualists. All editions of Nestle-Aland remain close in textual character to the text WH. He regular lectures and trains folk to respond to Jehovah's witnesses and other groups. Masoretic Text, Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament (based on Westcott-Hort, Weiss and Tischendorf, 1862). Codex Alexandrian (A) These 5000 agree perfectly as to what happened. There are, I fear, still more serious differences between us on the subject of authority, especially the authority of the Bible. Riplinger, pg 621, Hort [T]his may be cowardice I have sort of a craving that our text should be cast upon the world before we deal with matters likely to brand us with suspicion. 44262. I observe, then, that while spiritual ministries are constantly recorded in the Bible, there is not the faintest encouragement to seek them. It was the corrupt Byzantine form of text that provided the basis for almost all translations of the New Testament into modern languages down to the nineteenth century. The Occult Connections of Westcott and Hort | Christian Forums The New Testament in the Original Greek is a Greek-language version of the New Testament published in 1881.It is also known as the Westcott and Hort text, after its editors Brooke Foss Westcott (1825-1901) and Fenton John Anthony Hort (1828-1892). The New Testament in the Original Greek is a Greek-language version of the New Testament published in 1881. The Doctrine of Inerrancy of Scripture and Biblical Infallibility, Understanding Islam and the Rise of Radical Islam, King James Version Versus Modern Translations, Literal Translation vs Interpretive Translation, SERIOUSLY FLAWED BIBLICAL CRITICISM ASSAULT ON THE BIBLE, NT Vol. The King James men used the Majority text (5000+) and simply translated it as is. 2012-2016 Way of Life Literature Inc. v.ssl.1. The word MANUSCRIPTS is used to describe these copies or parchments which still exist. John 8? Read online Bible study, search parallel bibles, cross reference verses, compare translations & post comments in bible commentaries at qBible.com. The above article, Modern Bible Versions, and Westcott and Hort was written by Tim Pederson. () Of course, the manuscript discoveries of the past one hundred years have changed things, but it is remarkable how often they have affirmed the decisions of Westcott and Hort.[1]. You may unsubscribe from Bible Gateways emails at any time. Incomplete translation. Masoretic Text, Nestle-Aland/United Bible Society Greek New Testament, New International Version (simplified syntax, but loss of conjunctions obscures meanings), New International Version Inclusive Language Edition. Jeromes Latin Vulgate, produced in the 5thcentury to make the Bible accessible to all, became a means of keeping Gods Word hidden. According to Bruce M. Metzger, "the general validity of their critical principles and procedures is widely acknowledged by scholars today. I think the Lucian recession theory has been rejected by the majority of textual scholars, but i may be mistaken. There is no way manuscripts from all over the Roman empire from different centuries copied by people who had no contact with each other would all get basically the same text unless they all go back to the same autographs. However, we will address what amounts to their main arguments. Textus Receptus. (2.22-23), The reading is less likely to be original that combines the appearance of an improvement in the sense with the absence of its reality; the scribal alteration will have an apparent excellence, while the original will have the highest real excellence. 2.5-6, 31), Readings are approved or rejected by reason of the quality, and not the number, of their supporting witnesses. In the court room they tell it to the judge as it is, yet when the judge hears each of their stories, the witnesses do not agree. Almost all of the Bible translations since the late 19th century - for. In his excellent history of the KJV, Gordon Campbell points out that the Geneva Bible, which preceded the KJV was used long after the KJV had been published by such notaries as Lancelot Andrewes, Richard Hooker, John Whitgift, and William Laud (Bible, p. 27, Oxford University Press, 2010). God has promised to preserve His Word among us, and God always keeps His promises! May God enlighten us all to the truth through His Word. (2.49-50). HebrewMasoretic Text, Hebrew and Aramaic New Testament sources. This argument is simply the weakest and most desperate that this author has ever heard. The KJV was a superb translation for its day. Totaling to 7,320 places. First Name *, Email Address *. The same principles apply to groups of manuscripts (2.260-61). Brooke Foss Westcott (1825 1901) Christian Publishing House Blog, Fenton John Anthony Hort (1828 1892) Christian Publishing House Blog, CHOOSING THE BEST BIBLE TRANSLATION JUST GOT EASIER! Aland reports that, while NA25 text shows, for example, 2,047 differences from von Soden, 1,996 from Vogels, 1,268 from Tischendorf, 1,161 from Bover, and 770 from Merk, it contains only 558 differences from WH text.[10]. All modern Bibles of the day have therefore not been translated from the 5000+ Majority text, but from the 5 disagreeing witnesses. . Public Domain due to copyright expiration. Tyndales other Old Testament work went into the Matthews Bible (1537). Chick.com: Chapter 8: Westcott and Hort - part 1 This article may not be written by an Apostolic author, but it contains many excellent principles and concepts that can be adapted to most churches. Westcott and Hort believed the Greek text which underlies the KJV was perverse and corrupt. HE DETHRONED THE TEXTUS RECEPTUS. This translation in many ways was the precursor to the modern Critical Text underlying most modern translations. What is the Textus Receptus? | GotQuestions.org To ignore these developments is to switch off our brains; now, we dont want to do that do we? Codex Vaticanus (according to the introduction in the reprint edition by S. F. Pells) of the Septuagint (but excluding the Apocrypha) and of the New Testament, Masoretic Text (Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, 1983), Nestle-Aland Greek text, Masoretic Text, the 27th Nestle-AlandNovum Testamentum Graece. The archaic language detracts from its use and understandability. However, Westcott and Hort's work was not perfect. The case, indeed, is far otherwise. Westcott I reject the word infallibility of Holy Scriptures overwhelmingly. Riplinger, pg 622, Hort Evangelicals seem to me perverted. The climax of this restoration era goes to the immediate successors of these men, the two English Bible scholars B. F. Westcott and F. J. We have no further information about its publication history, but are making it available in the same format in which we acquired it as a public service. The new Christian Standard Bible (CSB) is a major revision of the 2009 edition of theHolman Christian Standard Bible (HCSB). Now, over 100 years later, the KJV and its Textus Receptus stand nearly alone against the I cannot, therefore, but regard every voluntary approach to beings such as those who are supposed to hold communication with men through mediums as unlawful and perilous. [4], According to Hort, "Knowledge of Documents should precede Final Judgments upon Readings". Further, if we cannot demonstrate the Trinity without this one verse we need to learn to be better Bible students. A textual critic is one who picks and chooses what part of whose story they will believe to be true.