Chlorophyll content indicates photosynthetic efficiency of leaves [24, 40]. Modell, B. and Kuliev, AM. The prevalence of consanguinity and the degree of inbreeding vary from one population to another depending on ethnicity, religion, culture and geography. Saraiki is to a high degree mutually intelligible with Standard Punjabi[78][79] and shares with it a large portion of its vocabulary and morphology. WebThe 2019 population density in Pakistan is 281 people per Km 2 (728 people per mi 2), calculated on a total land area of 770,880 Km2 (297,638 sq. J. M. Yan, H. Q. Zhai, R. X. Zhang, D. M. Jiao, B. S. Chen, and H. S. Zhan, Study on characteristics of photosynthesis and assimilates transportation in heavy ear hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.), Acta Agronomica Sinica, vol. and Neal, J.V. 5966, 2006. WebA 2005 BBC survey found that 55 percent of Britains huge Pakistani population was married to a first cousin. Such a decline has not been seen anywhere else due to the positive social benefits which such marriages provide, especially to women. One hundred and thirty-five of these families had one additional child malformed, whereas, 10 had two malformed children in addition to the index child with whom they reported. 15, no. The Heera2 (HS-273) is the most popular indica hybrid rice variety, imported from China and occupied about 70% of total hybrid rice cultivated area in Bangladesh. Levitan, M. Text book of human genetics 3rd Ed. 4, pp. Languages with more than a million speakers each include Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Saraiki, Urdu, Balochi, Hindko, Pahari-Pothwari[b] and Brahui. As an outcome, the hybrid varieties sustained higher LAI after heading to maturity over inbred BRRI dhan45 regardless of planting dates. The preanthesis shoot (stem + leaf) reserve translocation was calculated by net loss in dry weight of vegetative organs between preanthesis and maturity [33]. J. Yang and J. Zhang, Grain-filling problem in super rice, Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. S. S. Virmami, Shifting the yield frontier with hybrid rice, in Increasing Rice Production in BangladeshChallenges and Strategies, S. I. Bhuiyna and A. N. M. R. Karim, Eds., pp. Pakistan's Human Development Index (HDI) value for 2018 is in the medium human development category with a score of 0.560 (152nd rank out of 189 countries and territories) compared to 0.614 (135th rank) for Bangladesh and 0.647 (129th rank) for India. Population Density per square kilometre of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census, Population of each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census, Median Age of each Pakistani District as of the, Dominant Ethnolinguistic Group in each Pakistani, The proportion of people with Urdu as their, Hindu Proportion of each Pakistani District of each Pakistani District as of the, Ahmadiyya Proportion of each Pakistani District of each Pakistani District as of the, Christian Proportion of each Pakistani District of each Pakistani District as of the, Virtually all people not belonging to one of these minority groups were Sunni or Shia Muslim, with the most religiously homogeneous areas found in, Recent changes and detailed demographic data, Lack of exact numbers of speakers of the language due to the language not being represented in the previous censuses. In each year, dry matter accumulation of hybrid Heera2 and BRRI hybrid dhan2 at the heading stage was higher than that of elite inbred BRRI dhan45, but the dry matter accumulation decreased 28% and 17.5% in the studied hybrids and inbred at 5 February planting compared to 20 December planting. The full list can be found on the main article: List of cities in Pakistan by population. Perinatal mortality in different ethnic groups. H. K. Poshtmasari, H. Pirdashti, M. Nasiri, and M. A. Bahmanyar, Study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer management on dry matter remobilization of three cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.), Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 96, no. This measures the likelihood that any two persons with common ancestors have received the same genes from them and if mated, pass these to their offsprings. However, the hybrids and inbred varieties exhibited statistically identical yield in late planting. and Thompson, MW Genetics, in medicine. Arch. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), hybrid rice technology is the key approach for the increase of global rice production [2]. on The Devastating Effect Of Muslim Inbreeding, Copyright 2017 2021 | AltNewsMedia Ltd. AltNewsMedia uses cookies to improve your experience. (function() { 1, pp. Even in England, more than half of Pakistani immigrants are married to their first cousins, and in Denmark the number of 39, no. Properties of the top soil (015cm.) Furthermore, researchers found that the prevalence of extreme inbreeding was far higher than previously thought. WebThe average level of inbreeding over the years varied from zero to 7.3%. 6, pp. 17. B. Dalei, and B. K. Choudhury, Response of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa) to date of planting, spacing and seedling rate during wet season, Indian Journal of Agronomy, vol. Coefficients of inbreeding ranged from 10.15 to 37.50 percent for 295 animals, being 1.70 percent of the flock. "Pakistan: Fertility rate from 2010 to 2020." The hybrids Heera2 produced significantly higher grain yield over inbred BRRI dhan45 at all planting dates except 5 February planting and an almost similar trend was observed for BRRI hybrid dhan2. Was Hideki Tj A War Criminal Or Loyal Statesman? [85] An alternative local name for this language group is Hindki. In the Middle East, it has been invogue for thousands of years2 and approximately 6,5%. Homozygosity occurs when a person has identical stretches of genotypes meaning those sections of genetic code came from both parents. answer a questionnaire which included, among other variables, parents relationship to each other (whether first cousins (n=3 125), flrstcousins once removed (n=200), second cousins (n=330), second cousins once removed (n=50) and the couples who were related but the exact relationship could not be established distant relatives (n=115)). Hum.Hered., 1989;39:271-5. 3, pp. Filled grain percentage of inbred BRRI dhan45 was more or less stable at different planting dates. Average data of two dry seasons, 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 used. Inbreeding is common in the southeast region and more rural states, such as Eastern Kentucky. [19], and Yang et al. WebAccording to a study titled Identifying Genes Responsible for Intellectual Disability in Consanguineous Families [ PDF] by Zafar Iqbal, the rate of consanguinity is very high in Pakistan (>60%). This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Inbreeding significantly (P<0.01) affected birth and 60 days weight. [22] and Yang et al. Besides these, shorter vegetative duration reduced dry matter accumulation and rising temperature impaired shoot reserves translocation. Results suggest that greater remobilization of shoot reserves to the grain rendered higher yield of hybrid rice varieties. In addition to finding such a high number of cases of extreme inbreeding, the researchers found that such cases had a wide range of negative health impacts on people in terms of physical, mental, and reproductive issues. According to the BBC, a muslim family in the UK is up to 13 times more likely to have a child with recessive genetic disorders, and account for a third of all children with genetic birth defects. In some countries, such as Pakistan, that figure is closer to 70%. In July 2022, the United Nations published its 2022 World Population Prospects, a biennially-updated database where key demographic indicators are estimated and projected worldwide down to the country level. 184188, 2001. Z. Sarker, S. Murayama, Y. Ishimine, and E. Tsuzuki, Heterosis in photosynthetic characters and dry matter production in F1 hybrids of rice, Nippon Sakumotsu Gakkai Koenkai Yoshi, Shiryoshu, vol. Causes of deafness in schools for the deaf in Madaras. 16271635, 2007. WebMianchannu-51 --19 70 Muridke-92 3-19 114 Sheikhupura-381 32-67 480 Gujrat 34 306 6 9 70 425 Jhelum 4 394 39 3 338 778 Consanguinity related prenatal and postnatal mortality in Pakistan inbreeding. The Heera2 and BRRI hybrid dhan2 varieties had considerably larger sink and produced higher yield sink per unit leaf area over BRRI dhan45. Leaf area index, chlorophyll status, and photosynthetic rate of flag leaf, postheading crop growth rate, shoot reserve translocation, source-sink relation and yield, and its attributes of each variety were comprehensively analyzed. Inherited metabolic, haematological, enzymatic and chromosomal defects were not included. [6] This meant that the total population of Pakistan in 2017 was 213,222,917. Due to vigorous vegetative growth at the middle growth stage, tested hybrid varieties accumulated significantly higher amounts of dry matter at heading over the inbred. Hybrid rice varieties have higher yield potential over inbred varieties. Most of the country's people live in rural areas, but two large and growing megacities exist: the coastal Karachi and Lahore in eastern Punjab. In certain Indian communities, uncle-niece relationship is the commonest13, where as, preference is given to first cousin marriages in Pakistan (82% in our series) and Saudi Arabia14. Imaizumi, Y., Schinozaki, N. and Aoki, H. Inbreedmg in Japan: Results of a nation-wide study. Due to a high fertility rate, estimated at 3.5 in 2022, Pakistan has one of the world's youngest populations. Temperature, relative humidity (RH), total rainfall, solar radiation, and total sunshine hours of the experimental sites during dry seasons (DecemberMay) in 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, respectively. The hybrids exhibited significantly lower number of panicles m2 and on average 33.95% higher number of spikelets panicle1 compared to the tested inbred, irrespective of planting date. This is largely fuelled by the growth of Karachi, which economically dominates the province and attracts migrants from the rest of the country. Related Topics . Kobata et al. Below a list showing Pakistan's twenty largest cities as of the 2017 census can be found, which not only shows the current populations of the cities, but also their growth rates and locations.