Colorado is the state with the largest mule deer. The Missouri Monarch: America's Newest Biggest Buck The current world record for shed antlers set in the North American Shed Hunters Club (NASHC) record book is a buck known as The Nebraska General. This matched 66 set has an official record book score of 195 1/8 net inches after asymmetry deductions (with no spread credit). With a cold front coming, he slipped into a stand he knew was close to where a nice buck was bedding. Talk about serious palmation. Read the full story here. Advertisement Luckily, there are many different regions, or units, where you can take part in these draws. Thiede and this deer would have several close encounters over the course of the next two . Benjamin J. Brogles 2002 non-typical buck from Garrard County that scored 260-1/8 and is the #2 non-typical buck in Kentucky history and the #50 on the All-time list is part of the 21st Century Whitetails stories. Once again, the states top five typical bucks ever taken did not come from these high producing counties, instead coming from Peoria, Macon, White, Greene, and Macoupin counties. This hunting season, Outdoor Life looks back at some of the most incredible deer taken by hunters. The top Yellowhammer State typical wasnt killed by a hunter. I was blessed to take down a legend only minutes from where the Jordan buck was shottruly the hunt of a lifetime. Yiras wide and massive buck grossed 195- inches. What are the biggest sheds ever filled with antler? Lets review the states with the largest specimens in each deer species: WorldDeer.org was launched in 2005 and has evolved over the past 18 years to feature some of the best information about deer on the web. Though he wishes he could have shot the deer himself, coming across it may have been fate. He made the most of his chance by shooting it perfectly. Multiple mishaps (including an oil rig worker checking the rig as the buck worked into bow range) seemed to be preventing him from sealing the deal, until Smith snuck into his stand for a brief sit on the last day of his hunt and finally tagged the monster. 40 all time. The largest deer ever recorded was a 540-pound buck that lived in the area. Featured in the state tables for Kansas is the non-typical buck picked up in 2012 by James E. Wanklyn in Marshall County that scored 295 points and is the new state record and #11 All-time. Register a harvested deer with Game Reg. In some cases, a lottery draw is the only way to get one of these tags. Our friends over at Outdoor Life broke the story of Benny Overholts incredible Georgia cactus buck. With an unofficial green net score of 196 inches the buck should smash the state's crossbow typical record (currently 179") and rank among Wisconsin's best typicals ever. Michigan came in third with 341,288 deer killed, followed by Pennsylvania (333,254), Wisconsin (316,774) and Georgia (316,463). The other three deer were taken in the early and mid-2000s. While its No. Still, with the unreal tine lengths ranging from 10 5/8 to 15 2/8 inches, this deer had no chance but to become a record. When Jared Thiede laid eyes on a big buck in 2011, he had no idea what was in store for him. Join F&S+ to read exclusive stories by your favorite writers. This state has the most records for large deer, and it currently has 1,822 entries for record-setting white-tailed deer. Arkansas is now the #15 state overall with 254 total entries and joins Ohio, Kansas, Indiana, and Oklahoma that all moved up in rank. The largest state record whitetail was picked up in Providence County in 2011. Once again, the states top five typical bucks ever taken did not come from these high producing counties, instead coming from Beltrami, Kittson, Lake of the Woods, Aitkin, and Wright counties. The cool thing we noticed as we walked up is that he was still carrying strips of velvet in the start of November. Her muley rough-scored 171. Wisconsin reported that 820,299 deer hunting licenses were sold for the 2020 season, which would have been the most recent season when the post was first shared on May 23, 2021. No. Of course, having two G5s over 6 inches doesnt hurt anything, either. What state has the biggest whitetail bucks? Amazingly, the mass at the end of the main beams was even thicker than the bases, at 7 inches. Eight of the books 21st Century Whitetails come from Illinoismore than any other state. Read the full story. The last time I saw him, he was in a spot where I felt I could get permission, and I was able to do that. Top State Stats from B&C's newest book - Records of North American Whitetail Deer, Sixth Edition. The Stephens deer was taken in Jackson County in 1996 and ranks No. In the world of big game hunting, there are few animals that garner as much attention as the mighty whitetail deer. Nonetheless, it is true that every so often a monster from ancient times comes to life. There are populations of white-tail deer in North America and much of South America. Let's see if he can do it.". Taylor had had two other encounters with the giant buckincluding a miss on a 75-yard shotbefore she was able to slip within crossbow range of the buck. A typical whitetail deer has approximately 213 inches of net antler, which is a world record. Mass is on the weaker side for a state record, but it has a 21 6/8-inch inside spread, respectable main beams over 26 and 27 inches, and six tines over 10 inches that range from 10 to 14 3/8 inches. However, its beams are quite impressive, measuring 29 5/8 and 29 4/8 inches. To get a good handle on big bucks, there are a few strategies to follow. After capturing him on camera for several years, I decided he would be my target buck this fall, Spence said. It doesnt hurt that it grew impressive G6s, either. For those unfamiliar with the term, a deers rack refers to the antlers that grow from its head each year. According to the Green Fire report, the disease was first detected in Wisconsin in 2002, but has now spread to 32 counties with infection rates up to 50 percent. Its unbelievably beautiful, and Im blessed. Read the full story here. 6 typical all-time, the Melvin J. Johnson buck is a deer many people are familiar with. For almost 30 years now, the current world record has been held by Saskatchewan farmer Milo Hanson, who dropped his 213 5/8-inch monster back in 1993. Meadows was bowhunting on November 3 when the 180 showed up and walked within bow range. When the 180 looked into the timber and postured, Meadows followed the bucks gaze and saw the monster heading his way. Deer species with the largest numbers of antlers are moose. In fact, theyre the largest game animal on the planet. Restore Clarity And Brightness: Get Your Steiner Binoculars Recoated! But she hadnt had much time to hunt with her dad this fall and decided to change that on a beautiful November afternoon. The monster whitetail with a forked G-2 first appeared in a single trail camera picture on September 21. One buck that is highlighted in this section is Luke Brewsters non-typical taken in 2018 from Edgar County that scored 327-7/8 and is the new Illinois state record and the #3 on the All-time list, pending Judges Panel review for the 31st Big Game Awards in 2022. When Holden Torres and his hunting buddy, Austin Bass, drew a pair of Kansas nonresident archery tags, they made the long drive from their Louisiana home to scout and obtain permission in July. I couldnt care less, honestly, Brower said. I have many, many miles on my boots looking for sheds. No matter where you're hunting in the state, chances are you're not too far from a giant. Hunter may have found Wisconsins record-breaking buck, Bear spotted by Home Depot in Madison, officials say, Woman files lawsuit against Morgan Wallen for canceling show, Study weighs the benefits of sports complex in Dane County, Panthers oust record-setting Bruins 4-3 in OT in Game 7, Madison Parks Foundation installs memorial sculpture at Quann Dog Park. When Mark Buringa and his dad, Mike, checked trail cameras last summer, they immediately saw a huge buck with a monstrous left side. In addition, the state tables of all record-book deer include a buck from Lewis County taken by Daryl L. Blum in 2002 that scored 198-6/8 inches and landed #3 on the state list #29 All-time. Meadows made good on the shot on a main-frame 5X5 that green grossed 210 inches. Boone and Crockett Club Score: 185 4/8 inches Harvest Date: November 11, 1978 Hunter: Herbert N. Milam The Herbert N. Milam buck was bagged in. You must also be aware of the states deer hunting season. Now, you can listen to Fox News articles from the comfort of your own home. Of particular note, all of the new typical records in the states top 10 and six of the 10 non-typical state records were taken in the 2000s this shows that current state management is producing consistently large bucks. In that case, youll be eager to know what state has the biggest deer. Registration on or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Service. Wyatt shot the big 10-pointer, which was incredibly symmetrical. When we walked through the bluffs on cold mornings, he would not spook until we were within 10 yards of each other. Not only is it more dangerous, its much more difficult to transport a moose carcass. For several years, Tim Hunter leased over 50,000 acres in Wisconsin for hunting. Shouldn't even be in the record books.. Every winter, bucks drop their antlers and grow a new pair by the fall. Wisconsin hunter Brandon Wikman kicked off his 2021 season by traveling to Kansas to take advantage of their early muzzleloader season. Bass killed a 155-inch 8-point the first day and, not to be outdone, Torres answered by arrowing this 6X6 monster that green-grossed 199. These fish have white tails, which they are named for, and they are easily discernible. After several hundred yards of belly crawling, I was finally able to get close to him and some does, she recalled. Interestingly, only one mass measurement reaches 5 inches. When Cort Travis and his friend got permission to hunt an 80-acre tract close to school, they immediately got pics of several bucks, including a palmated giant that would turn any hunters head. 1 by nearly 4 inches here, it sits at No. A massive 540- pound deer was the largest deer ever seen on record. That is why so many hunters travel to this state to hunt this animal. In 1977, hunter John Annett shot and killed this massive male white-tail in Ontario, Canada, which is widely regarded as the worlds largest white-tail. The James Jordan Buck The James Jordan buck is a legendary whitetail and is one of the biggest whitetail bucks ever killed. With a guided hunting tour for Alaskan moose, you will probably have a much higher success rate than you would on your own. Tagged in Randolph County in 1971, Larry Gibsons Missouri buck ranks No. 62 overall. Copyright 2023 WorldDeer.org. The American Whitetail is found in the United States. The state record whitetail deer was harvested in 2019 in Colfax County. It's been 47 years. And then we do. All but one mass measurement is over 5 inches. Its 66 rack also has two short abnormal points. The best Minnesota counties for large deer include Wright County, Aitkin County, Lake of the Woods County, Beltrami County, and Kittson County. 5 all time. Read the full story here. Brandon Wikman It's Whitetail Week at Field & Steam. Just barely knocked down to the #6 position is Kentucky with 1,048 total entries. The Bruner buck is No. To give you a sense of how rare, one of my B&C scorer buddies described the first buck in this gallery (Dustin Huffs Indiana behemoth) as one of those typicals that only comes along once every three decades or so.. Tucked inside the back cover, readers will find a full-size wall poster of the U.S. highlighting the county distribution of whitetail deer entriesmap unfolds to 24x36 inches. And he is flirting with breaking the record," he said. Saskatchewan teen Audrey Ediger and her dad first spotted this buck in late August and went every morning and night to scout the monster until opening day. Texas comes in #11 overall with 767 total entries, but thanks to having four of the top six counties nationwide the state lands on the state stat list. The new world record is easily surpassed by Milo Hansons 213 7/8-point attempt from a year ago. The biggest archery bucks on record with the Pope and Young Club for Polk County are a 171 4/8-inch typical, taken by Thomas Coach in 2006, and a 185 3/8-inch nontypical, tagged by . We found the buck wed been watching, and then started our stalk through a canola field. With the help of the Boone and Crockett Club, which has been compiling these records of big whitetails since 1887, we put together this list of the biggest typical whitetail deer from every statewell, every state that has whitetail deer, that is. Arrowed in Decatur County, Indiana, its second in the world only to the Milo Hanson buck, which was shot in Saskatchewan. 24 deer all-time. Join F&S+ to read exclusive stories by your favorite writers. It had about 100 feet of wire wrapped around its eight hooves and was measured at 218 7/8 inches long. Here are the biggest bucks taken by hunters in 2021, By Records of North American Whitetail Deeris available for $60 on the Boone and Crockett Clubs website; B&C Associates receive a 20% discount. The hunting season for Alaskan moose is in September. Even self-proclaimed meat hunters cant deny the magnitude of a trophy buck. Its a clean 10-pointer with a respectable inside spread of 18 4/8 inches and beam lengths of 27 1/8 and 28 5/8 inches. It was bigger than winning state, Buringa laughed. Wisconsin 108055 views The two hunters spotted the tall tines of a great buck theyd never seen before, bedded near a gravel pit. Bryant scored big in 2007 when he took the Oklahoma state record whitetail deer. This state has six counties in the top 20 United States counties. Merrill found this Rutland County deer dead in 1971, and it has held the title for 41 years. Though the buck slipped into the woods, within minutes the deer reappeared and was already in range. What are the best deer hunting counties in Wisconsin? Hunters registered 175,667 deer over the nine-day gun-deer season, according to figures provided Tuesday by the DNR. Youll find the largest white-tailed deer in Wisconsin, while Alaska has the largest moose. Wisconsin has received 1,822 entries, ranking first among all states in terms of big bucks. This magnificent rack of antlers is a real stand-out, and it will be a huge hit on the trophy wall. It has a 65 rack, and it is remarkably stout in the main-beam and tine-length departments. Michael Burgdorfs 2012 typical buck from Winona County that scored 193-1/8 and is #9 in Minnesota history and Chad L. Widness 2010 buck from Otter Tail County that scored 190-1/8 and is the #15 typical buck in state history are both featured in the 21st Century Whitetails section. If that is what youre looking for, you should visit Dodge, Columbia, Kenosha, Wood, and Burnett counties. The largest typical in the Bluegrass State, the Smith buck was bagged in Pendleton County. Olsen plans to have those measurements completed at the Deer and Turkey Expo the first weekend of April. He shot a perfect archery arrow over 200 inches above the ground in September, and his score was the highest for an archery shot over this distance. It was an unreal moment and feeling of accomplishment to shoot a buck of this caliber off my own 8 acres. Muellers main-frame 6X6 sported two stickers and grossed 178. Jordan Smith saw this incredible Kansas buck from a stand located near an old oil rig three times in the course of a week. If records are made to be broken, Orfordville hunter Nate Olsen's trophy buck may soon hold that title. Despite the fact that the mounting allowance was too wide, the inside spread of the Hanson buck would have defeated the mounted antlers. Unfortunately, there arent many public hunting lands in that area. Mass measurements vary between 4 2/8 and 5 1/8 inches. Five acres and a canoe was all it took for Wisconsin DNR conservation warden Kevin Christorf to tag one of the Badger States best typicals ever. 81 all-time. The Borden buck was tagged in Monmouth County, which is where the top two New Jersey typical whitetail bucks called home. On September 12, Beadle was set up in a shelterbelt when the buck walked into bow range. The third stalk is the charm, said Tessa Taylor of her pursuit of this Sunflower State monster muley. The green-gross 183-4/8-inch main-frame 8 sported 6-inch bases, 25-inch main beams, and 12-inch G2s. Just $1 per month , Ten 200-plus inchers, three potential record-setting deer, and one possible world record. I ended up getting a great photo of him and it is still one of my favorite hunting memories. New Mexico has both whitetails and Coues deerand two of the former were large enough to make the typical record books. I hung a camera and didnt get a single pic of him until November 5th, which is also the day I harvested him. Marquardts towering 8-point green-netted 179-4/8. Milo N. Hansons shot in Saskatchewan, Canada in 1993 holds the record for the largest rack ever shot. The largest North Carolina typical by almost an inch, the Daffron deer was taken 35 years ago. I honestly think it took three days for it to settle in that this had really happened, and it happened to me. The buck was worthy of drawing a crowd; the massive, 20-point buck grossed 202 inchs B&C and netted 196, easily placing it among the states top 10 nontypical bowkills. 100 overall, largely due to its 29 4/8- and 30 5/8-inch beams. If I would have been able to shoot it, I don't think I would have been getting out of the tree stand too easily. Wisconsin is home to the worlds largest deer, a moose. "The record for the biggest deer in Wisconsin ever to be found or killed is 253 inches. The states top five typical bucks ever taken, however, did not come from these high producing counties, instead coming from Hamilton, Decatur, Des Moines, Plymouth, and Monroe counties. This 10-pointer has impressive 26-plus-inch main beams, a 20 2/8-inch inside spread, and four tines over 13 inches. In 2006, a buck taken by Keith Pfannenstiel during a sit-and-go hunt in Kansas weighed 1,199 pounds and was the heaviest buck ever killed with a rifle. Shot sometime in 1939, Roosevelt Luckeys buck has held the record in New York for 83 years. Its brow tines (G1s), G2s, and G3s are all 11 to 13 inches. Now you know which states hold the largest deer in a variety of species. Once again, Kentucky is an up-and-comer with five of the new typical records in the states top 10 and nine of the 10 non-typical state records taken in the 2000s. James Saunders shot this massive Mississippi buck in Adams County in 2011. 46 all time. All Rights Reserved. 1 in Wisconsin and No. Tags: hunting, -deer-hunting, -whitetails, Tags: deer-hunting, -thebigdeer, -whitetail-hunting. Experts have found that Wisconsin is the best state for finding and hunting the largest white-tailed deer. However, the largest deer in the state tend to be in Macoupin, Greene, Macon, Peoria, and White counties. Of course, those big typical whitetails arent the only monsters to gawk at below. On opening day of the gun season, one of our guys was coming down from his stand and spooked the buck. Read the full story here. While this deer ranks 1,301 overall, the Lovrin buck is still king of Connecticut. Unveiling The Mystery Of CA: Understand Chromatic Aberration And Get The Best View Through Your Binoculars, Exploring Nature With 8 X 32 Binoculars Understanding The Power Of Magnification, Make Outdoor Watching Easier: Discover Why You Should Use A Camera Tripod For Your Binoculars, How To Mount Leica Trinovid Binoculars To A Tripod: A Step-By-Step Guide, Unlock The Power Of Binoculars In Pokemon Learn Where To Find And How To Use Them, Maximizing Your Binoculars Performance: The Importance Of Using Eyecups, Exploring The Phenomenon Of Ghosting In Binoculars What You Need To Know Before Shopping For A Pair, Bring Your Binoculars To The French Open Everything You Need To Know. Missouri is another state with more recent big buckssix of the new typical records in the states top 10 and seven of the 10 new non-typical state records were taken in the 2000s. A clean 55, it sports a 23-inch inside spread, and one beam surpasses the coveted 30-inch threshold. The biggest whitetail buck that I have ever seen was a massive 10-point that weighed in at over 200 pounds. Plus, the G2s, G3s, and G4s all range from 10 4/8 to 15 3/8 inches. If youre an American citizen, you can go on your own to hunt Alaskan moose in Alaska. On the upside, it has a good inside spread and main beam length. There are several types of deer, all of which can be medium-sized, but they vary greatly depending on where you live. After the required 60-day drying period, the buck will go down in the books with a certified score of 610 2/8. Last year, hunters in Texas took 722,044 deer, according to Outdoor Life. Updated Dec 16, 2021 12:04 PM EST, Every year when Im putting together this roundup, I think, We cant possibly top last years. I first saw him in July, when I was out driving and scouting and looking for deer, Marquardt recalled. The rack itself is something to behold. He was one of the lucky hunters to pass on a massive buck with a broken rack during the last deer hunting season, and it was one of the most rewarding deer hunting decisions hed ever made. A massive buck estimated to weigh 540 pounds was the largest deer ever recorded in the wild. Its the towering typical at top of the collage. "The wildlife and its habitat cannot speak. Iowa continues to rank #3 for Boone and Crockett Club trophy whitetail with 1,330 total entries. As usual, he went hunting on the 200-acre family farm he has shared with his buddies for years in central Missouri during this years deer season. I spent the first three days of bow season at school before I could hunt on Sunday, says Ediger, 14. Russell lives in a small town of 6,000 residents, but it didnt take long for word of the Adirondack giant to spread. The story of Loyds Arkansas buck shows why effective deer management in many states is creating the potential for record-book bucks being harvested, even in states that havent traditionally been known for their trophy deer. Ross brought down this record whitetail deer in Platte County nearly 36 years ago. Articles may contain affiliate links which enable us to share in the revenue of any purchases made. Plus, its hard to beat four tines over 10 inches, and two more that nearly reach that. Articles may contain affiliate links which enable us to share in the revenue of any purchases made. Milwaukee Bucks fans in the Deer District braved the cold for Saturday's Game 3 against the Miami Heat, the first away game of the playoffs.. See more videos about Videos, Sports, Wisconsin, Wisconsin Sports, College Sports, Big Ten. It features an inside spread nearly 25 inches, beams over 27 inches, and three towering tines over 13 inches. The Roosevelt elk is the North American elk subspecies with the largest average body size. Washington and Oregon are the states where you will find Roosevelt elk. Preliminary figures show that hunters registered 203,295 deer during the 2022 gun deer season, including 98,397 antlered and 104,898 antlerless deer. With over seven million acres of land open for public . Lets take a look at the states with the largest white-tailed deer, moose, elk, and mule deer. The H1 mass measurements are 5 inches or greater, and the remaining six are 4 3/8 to 4 6/8. Its not that uncommon to find them tangled, but to find a deer of this caliber, is very, very uncommon, says Olsens friend Mike Hackett. We also try to answer common questions about deer. That is why its such a popular hunting destination. This county has contributed 150 record-breaking entries. With long beams, tall tines, and great mass, this is a deer for the ages, and is the current, longstanding P&Y world-record typical. Its held the record by 1/8 inch since 1974. While there is no definitive answer, the largest rack on record was taken down by a hunter in Wisconsin in 2014. It was shot in Alaska in 1954 and is the current world record holder. The 171-year history includes a world-record whitetail shot in Burnett County in 1914, closed or buck-only . This shows the quality of deer management across the entire state. Incredibly, one tine measures more than 10 inches, another over 12 inches, two bigger than 13 inches, and one over 14 inches. The government-certified scales indicate that the deer had a live weight of 540 pounds and a field dressing weight of 431 pounds. Only two bucks taken in the past 30 years come within 10 inches of the top spot. Garretts son Grant was diagnosed with severe Aplastic Anemia at the age of six. Of course, you must get a valid Wisconsin hunting license for any and all kinds of hunting in this state. With 106, the NASHCs single typical whitetail shed antler world record, the Knife Handle Buck set a new world record for shed antler scoring. Other North American animals with antlers include caribou and mule deer. There are also plentiful food sources, and Colorado Parks and Wildlife is known for its excellent management. The G2 are very impressive as well, both extending beyond 13 inches. This is an unusual advantage, as not many states do this. The Alaskan moose is the largest and heaviest moose of all the moose subspecies. It was confirmed by the Club that it was the largest typical whitetail ever measured at 206 1/8 inches. The record for the biggest deer in Wisconsin ever to be found or killed is 253 inches. It also features great mass measurements, beam length, and spread. A deer was wearing that set of antlers when Tim was born. Its a clean 55 with an 18-inch inside spread, two beams over 29 inches, good mass measurements, and great tine length. The top Massachusetts typical was tagged in 2002 in Franklin County. The Missouri Monarch buck is known as a Missouri Monarch buck. This animal would have weighed more than 540 pounds live, based on its weight estimate. A massive 540-pound deer was the largest deer ever seen on record. Whether youre an experienced hunter or simply someone who appreciates nature, theres no denying that the whitetail deer is an impressive animal. The record bucks brow tines are also only 3 inches, but each of its G2s, G3s, and G4s range between 10 4/8 and 14 1/8 inches. Its 56 rack has great beam length and inside spread. Let's see if he can do it." Overall, Buffalo County is the area of Wisconsin with the largest deer in the state. Alaskan moose live in Alaska and reach all the way to the area near the Northwest Territories of Canada. Retired MLB slugger and Hall-of-Famer Jim Thome was known for coming up big when the situation demanded it, and he used that cool-under-pressure poise to make a lethal shot on a buck hed been chasing for three seasons. Both main beams exceed 28 inches, and the inside spread is 20 6/8 inches. And to come across this, it's a diamond in the rough," Nate Olsen told NBC15 News. Another record thats held on for a very long time, the Buck Ashe buck was taken in Monroe County, Georgia, 60 years ago. Missouri ranks #7 overall with 896 total entries and two of the states best whitetail bucks were honored in 2019 as part of the 30th Big Game Awards in Springfield. This record whitetail deer also has a 20 6/8-inch inside spread, great tine length, and has only about 4 inches of deductions, which is also quite uncommon. If youre an inexperienced hunter, this probably isnt the region where you want to start your hunting career. According to Boone and Crockett, Wisconsin is the number one largest big buck state with 1,822 total entries. And he is flirting with breaking the record," he says. Because cacti are extremely rare and have unique trophy characteristics, trophy hunters frequently pay high prices for these animals. Wisconsin has the most big deer entries, according to the Boone and Crockett Big Buck Hunter Association, with 1,822. And thanks to B&Cs incredibly detailed record-keeping, we were able to share some interesting notes about some of Americas biggest bucks. There is a large population of Alaskan Moose in Alaska, and hunters enjoy going there to hunt these animals. The avid hunter paddled across a river to grind out multiple sits for a buck known in his neighborhood as Hector. And the effort all paid off on October 28, when the huge buck walked out of a cornfield and into the 5 acres of woods Christorf was hunting. This includes Chase R. Coopers 2017 buck from Henry County that scored 197-2/8 inches and is the new #4 typical whitetail in the state and #45 on the All-time list, as well as William T. Duncans 2016 typical buck from Macon County that scored 194-6/8 and is #5 in the state and #63 All-time. This bucks rack would be an impressive 195-2/8 inches as a nontypical deer in terms of inside spread. Five of eight mass measurements are 5 inches or more.