Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. https://www.eia.gov/dnav/ng/ng_prod_sum_a_EPG0_FGW_mmcf_m.htm (2021). These values are included the WasteDisaggaregation_Use sheet in the primary data record in the Use table intersection rows. The tools provide companies, governments, and other organizations with accessible, easy-to-use resources to advance sustainable materials management and realize the multiple benefits it offers, such as reducing waste, increasing efficiency and profitability, and improving the environment. USEEIO v2.0 is an environmental-economic model of US goods and services that can be used for life cycle assessment, footprinting, national prioritization, and related applications. For the Waste management and remediation services sector, additional data for the specific flows in the GHG satellite table was assigned using an input file, as specified in the WasteDisaggregation_Env sheet of the primary data record. This suggests that trade flows between the disaggregated sectors is an important component of the aggregate sectors input, and its disaggregation was previously discussed. This modeling activity may also be referred to as flow sector attribution modeling. Commercial buildings energy consumption survey 2012. https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/ (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2016). EPA Center for Corporate Climate Leadership, Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard, The Global GHG Accounting and Reporting Standard for the Financial Industry, Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials, Conversion factors 2022: full set (for advanced users), Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidance: Indirect Emissions from Events and Conferences, ENERGY STAR Scope 3 Use of Sold Products Analysis Tool V1.2, Renewable Electricity Procurement on Behalf of Others: A Corporate Reporting Guide, Center for Corporate Climate Leadership Home, GHG Inventory Development Process & Guidance, Corporate GHG Inventorying and Target Setting Self-Assessment, Reporting Corporate Climate Risks and Opportunities, 4 (upstream transportation and distribution), 9 (downstream transportation and distribution), 12 (end-of-life treatment of sold products), The UK Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs provides well-to-tank (i.e., upstream) emission factors for fuel in the ". the Use table rows), the value of the receipts received by each disaggregated waste management sector by each Economic Census customer class was divided by total value spent by that customer class on Waste management and remediation services. It is a method that national statistical offices (NSOs) are beginning to adopt as a complement to other data produced in the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA). For these datasets, the national totals by sector were extracted directly from the published datasets5,7. Scope 3 calculation method improved and boundary expanded over time. Depending on the data available for the location of product use, apply eGRID subregion or U.S. national average factors. For more information and to download the 2016 report and methodology, see: https://www.epa.gov/smm/2016-recycling-economic-information-rei-report-and-methodology. The A matrix with just domestic direct requirements, Ad, can be created using a similar derivation used for A but using the domestic form of the Use matrix. Environmentally Extended Input-Output Data.EEIO data refers to EEIO emission factors that can be used to estimate scope 1, 2, and upstream Scope 3 GHG Emissions for a given industry or product category.. EEIO data is particularly useful in screening emissions sources when prioritizing data collection efforts. Overview of Access Formats/Outlets. It provides a robust resource for estimating the potential impactsenvironmental and economicassociated with the production or consumption of goods and services. 20. where mf is the column representing the flow of interest from the M matrix, and cn is the transposed row representing the indicator of interest from the C matrix. In v2.0, withdrawals are calculated for 64 crops identified in the 2017 USDA CoA. Then one can continue to derive the equivalent of L for domestic use, Ld from Ad, using Eq. 15. where Gr is the direct+indirect flows x sector matrix and s is a scaling vector. The US Economic Census (EC), published by the US Census Bureau, provides economic data for all sectors of the US economy and is used to estimate industry consumption of the disaggregated waste management commodities (i.e., Use table rows)20. Additionally, flow amounts for each flow within a satellite table must not change more than 0.05%. direct emissions, waste generation, or resource use). To prevent this, we apply a different allocation value to the value-added sectors of the disaggregated waste industries based on the intermediate industry totals (i.e., non-value-added allocations): where piW denotes the value-added allocation proportions, W is the value added matrix in the form of value added components per dollar industry output that is extracted from the full Use table, Vi denotes the industry throughput derived from the Make table (row sums), i'(UW) denotes the intermediate industry throughput derived from the Use table (column sums) and not including the value added matrix. Following this mapping, each satellite table is assessed to ensure that no environmental flows were lost during the transformation. zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6370101 (2021). This section describes data sources, algorithms for model construction, novel methodologies and software procedures used in the construction of USEEIO v2.0. 13). Public Land Statistics 2007. For v2.0, value added direct and indirect impact coefficients from N are ~1 for all sectors. ADS Correspondence to This is a necessary first order approximation since we found no publicly available data to confirm this for the disaggregated waste sectors. The same indicators used in v1.113 along with the three indicators (CNHW, CNHWC, CRHW) for waste generation8 are used in v2.0 (Table3). Electricity and Drinking Water) or construction activities (e.g., Highways, Streets and Bridges, and Utilities Buildings and Infrastructure), which are sectors dominated by domestic activities. New procedures for preparing and integrating these datasets into the model are described in the Procedure for Model Building section. Emissions factors The emissions factors can be collected from: - Emissions sourced direct from suppliers based on the specific goods and services used. The largest consumers are residential users (F01000, Personal consumption expenditures final demand) at 24% of total consumption; state and local governments (GSLGO, State and local government and other services) at 13% of total consumption; and Other real estates (531ORE) and the Waste management and remediation services sector itself, both at 8% of total consumption. The Scope 3 Standard presents details on all scope 3 categories and requirements and guidance on reporting scope 3 emissions. The organization may be able to expand its reporting by estimating these relevant categories in the future, which is recommended to increase completeness. Licensing. Description: Many organizations quantify greenhouse emissions in their value chain. Zeng, L. & Ramaswami, A. However when this demand vector is applied to the model, output of these commodities is positive due to industry consumption, reflecting the commodity output totals. Equation24 is given below for the commodity form of the model. More organizations are reaching into their value chains to understand the full GHG impact of their operations. Each demand vector was derived from the BEA Detail 2012 Use table. Ingwersen, W., Garvey, T. & Bergmann, M. USEEIOv1.1 - Elementary Flows and Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) Characterization Factors. In v1 models, a base economic year of 2013 different than the IO year of the economic data was used. The variation between v1.2 and v2.0 employment impact intensities are due to changes in data year and source. The attribution methodology for the remaining water categories follows Rehkamp et al.s sector attribution approach46. In v2.0, Scrap is left in the model to simplify the accounting procedures, but we do not recommend use of multipliers generated from Scrap because of the lack of a clear material or functional characterization of this commodity. These values are included in the WasteDisaggregation_Make sheet in the primary data record, in the Industry disaggregation rows. Rehkamp, S., Canning, P. & Birney, C. Tracking the U.S. https://www.bea.gov/resources/methodologies/concepts-methods-io-accounts (U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2009). Scope 3 emissions are the result of activities from assets not owned or controlled by the reporting organization, but that the organization indirectly affects in its value chain. The earlier versions of USEEIO used the BLS National Employment Matrix, which also publishes employment data by NAICS sector codes5. Both versions of sector attribution modeling use the IWMS statistics on water application rates. In some cases, environmental flows may appear in more than one satellite table if the associated sectors do not overlap. In v2.0, direct impacts decreased between 3050% for crops. These calculations of total flows or impacts associated with a given final demand are equivalent to life cycle inventory (LCI), denoted as G, and life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) result, denoted as H, in the field of life cycle assessment17. 12:15-12:30. Value added is a collection of the monetary benefits industries provide to government (as taxes), employees (as wages), and to their shareholders (as profits). General Motors Carbon Disclosure The left side is the original flow by industry totals, Ei, put into a flow x commodity form, Ec. Perspect. In Water_national_2015_m1, mining water withdrawals are allocated to 6-digit NAICS using employment data published by BLS QCEW. Where the BLS is missing data, less aggregated NAICS are summed, or more aggregated NAICS are equally allocated. These footprints can be calculated by performing a model calculation as in Eqs. Contact. 3, B is in flow x commodity form after transforming BI into this form with the market shares matrix transformation. For the disaggregated waste management sectors, this represents the materials and services that these industries consume in the process of collecting, managing, and remediating wastes. In order to perform this calculation, the purchase has to be associated with a corresponding commodity in USEEIO. The general equation for emissions estimation is: E = A x EF x (1-ER/100) where: E = emissions; A = activity rate; Once all the requirements are installed, the generation of v2.0 takes place in a single buildModel function to load the various data components and build the model. After waste management itself, the next 31 input sectors (out of 177) comprise 70% of intermediate inputs. A main assumption in the disaggregation of waste management sectors is that the receivers of waste flows are being paid for waste treatment. EF Hub. The full names of the indicators in the columns are given in Table3. Impacts with smaller domestic proportions of impact like Energy Use are dominated by sectors like Gasoline, fuels, that are more dependent on imports for their inputs, as in crude oil for this sector in 201274. 28, 99118, https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.28.2.99 (2014). The footprint of US consumption or production, measured in GHGs, water, or any of the 20+indicators present in Table3 can be calculated using the model. In v2.0, one of the BEA commodities is split into 7 further resolved (more specific) commodities (404+7=411). 2 shows that domestic impacts are indeed a proportion of total impacts, with proportions varying by indicator, due to the degree of requirements being met by processes driving the respective impacts. It was developed by harmonizing and detailing supply-use tables for a large number of countries, estimating emissions and resource extractions by industry. 7. This data is more complete than the flows reported by hazardous waste shippers, and so is preferred for the waste disaggregation. For example, the total flows counted by the 5-digit Waste collection (56211) sector do not equal the flows of the 6-digit Waste collection flow subsectors (562611, 562112, 562119). LCIA formatter. Table 6.1 of the Scope 3 Standard provides criteria to identify relevant scope 3 activities: To determine relevance, the organization can review the Scope 3 Standards description of each scope 3 category and consult appropriate contacts across the organization. For most sectors, the commodity values are distributed using the percentages obtained from the disaggregation of the waste management industries in the Use table. It may also yield insights into changes in US industry environmental performance that may be of interest to users that have used a v1 model either directly or via an interface like the SMM Prioritization Tools. The result is available in the National Commercial Hazardous Waste Totals by Industry 2017 v1.1 dataset57. 16. In contrast, in USEEIO v1.2, the comparable value added coefficients varied from ~0.51.5, because of a method to approximate 2016 value added from summary level data to pair with the 2007 Use table6 that led to a departure from this identity. The additional data records are national flow totals by sectors that serve as data inputs in model building. 158, 308318, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.150 (2017). Timberland estimates are based on MLUs ungrazed forest land rather than total timberland, which reduces land use attributed to forest. https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=2&type=metadata&series=EN.ATM.CO2E.PC# (2021). Representing the most current conditions feasible given the full national economic scope of the model, and yet wanting to retain a high level of resolution to differentiate between US commodities and their life cycle performance, v2.0 is built upon datasets representing the most current years processed from input data sources. ~75% of these emissions stem from upstream activities . In v2.0, the industrial water withdrawal sectors were expanded to include sectors within NAICS 11, 23, 48, 51, 54, 56, and 81, as defined in the USGS to NAICS crosswalk in flowsav1.0.1 and as recommended by the USGS. Coverage of these data used in v2.0 is equivalent to that from v1.2 as seen in Table2. Li, M. & Ingwersen, W. Life-cycle impact coefficients (N matrix) of USEEIOv1.2 and v2.0.1-411. Public land statistics 2012. This flow update afforded the opportunity to use more standard life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) characterization factors to populate these indicators, which were integrated with the new procedure. Cite this article. This decrease is likely a result of fuel source changes in the electricity production over this period69. Meyer, D. E., Li, M. & Ingwersen, W. W. Analyzing economy-scale solid waste generation using the United States environmentally-extended input-output model. EPA researchers worked with partners at US Department of Defenses (DOD) environmental research programs (the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program and the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program) to use USEEIO as the basis for re-creating an input-output model tailored to the specific needs of the DOD, such as life-cycle analysis formilitary equipment. In v1, the Scrap commodity was removed from the model following a methodology presented by BEA for deriving a total requirements matrix11. BEA detail) through a schema mapping. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. The Make table rows represent which waste management industries (rows) produce commodities (columns) other that waste management. This article references the work completed to create the Pathzero US EEIO emissions multipliers used in the Pathzero platform. The approach used to disaggregate this sector provides 6-digit NAICS granularity, which is the most detailed NAICS designation given in the official classification. 8. Although QCEW employment data is one of the main sources in the creation of the National Employment Matrix, the National Employment Matrix also incorporates data from the Occupational Employment Statistics program (OES), the Current Employment Statistics program (CES), and the Current Population Survey (CPS)60. developed the methodology and software programming in flowsa for the air, water and soil releases, integrated environmental data and indicators in useeior, and wrote the associated sections of the manuscript. For example, category 4 (upstream transportation and distribution) has three methods: fuel-based, distance-based, and spend-based. 6 above, but using the commodity gross output chain price index in place of the industry gross output chain price index. Miller, R. & Blair, P. Input-output analysis: Foundations and extensions. conceptualized USEEIO v2.0, led the methodological development for model building and validation, contributed to useeior and flowsa software, supervised the team, administered the project, and led writing the manuscript. Clean. The Water_national_2015_m1 model differs from the Water Use Satellite table compiled for v1.13 in several ways. In the original analysis, industrial water was allocated to NAICS 3133 using 3-digit NAICS Canadian Industrial Water Use statistics, scaled to US production by US GDP. Conserv. For the Oil and gas extraction (211000) commodity, the entirety of the production value is assigned to the Solid waste landfill (562212) industry, as it is assumed that this represents landfill gas production. 157, 104795, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104795 (2020). Overview Emissions Factors FAQ Data sets Emissions factors 2 files Emissions factors File Updated Download IEA Emissions Factors 2021 15/09/2021 XLS IEA Emissions Factors 2021 (light version) 15/09/2021 XLSB Schedule PubMed v2.0 is a single region model with the 50 states of the United States modeled as a single region. 2007 Census of Agriculture. Point source releases to air reflect facility reported releases in these datasets and include both criteria and toxic air pollutants. The modeling steps were written in Python and consolidated into a software package called flowsa. These coefficients can then by multiplied by the cost of the purchase of interest to get the respective total flow or impact associated with that cost in purchasers price. 1. Increase in emissions for landscaping services. Water withdrawal impact intensity differences are attributed to allocation methodology changes for the irrigation, mining, and industrial USGS water use categories. The MLU land use categories are further allocated to 6-digit NAICS, modeled on Zeng and Ramaswamis methodology37.