What does development mean, how can it be measured, and how can it be encouraged? The hearth of the Industrial Revolution was Great Britain in the 18th century. The correct answer is (C). Break-of-bulk points can be found at ports, airports, rail yards, and other locations where different modes of transportation intersect. Footloose industries are more likely to locate in places with a perceived high quality of life (i.e., cultural, recreational, climate, educational amenities), where a productive workforce can be attracted. Power generation: producing electricity from a variety of sources, including fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and renewable energy. Footloose industries can also refer to the processing of products that are neither weight-gaining, nor weight-losing, and face significant transportation costs. On the other hand, the idea that relocating companies always look for the lowest-cost location has been challenged. Africa, continental Europe, Great Britain, Latin America, continental Europe, Great Britain, Africa, Latin America, continental Europe, Great Britain, Latin America, Africa, Great Britain, continental Europe, Africa, Latin America, Great Britain, continental Europe, Latin America, Africa. Footloose industries can locate anywhere because they do not change bulk. Post-Fordist Philosophy. Question 38. a customer-service representative who handles phone calls the chief executive for a large corporation an assembly worker in the auto industry an accountant who handles a company's payroll a writer who works on marketing materials Question 6 30 seconds Q. It can be driven by a variety of factors, including technological change, globalization, and shifts in economic policy. labor costs are lower in northern Mexico than in southern Mexico, transportation costs are lower in Mexico than in the United States, more natural resources can be found in northern Mexico than in southern Mexico, manufacturers can reduce labor costs with minimal increases in transportation costs. ABBREVIATIONS; ANAGRAMS; BIOGRAPHIES; CALCULATORS; CONVERSIONS; DEFINITIONS; GRAMMAR; LITERATURE; LYRICS; PHRASES; POETRY; QUOTES . land rent, Cities and regions that once occupied a relatively secure position in the national and global economy because they harbored few industries that could be characterized as footloose are now thrust into an economic environment that is much more insecure. Forestry: harvesting trees for wood and other products, such as paper. Understanding the commodity chain can help to reveal the various stages of production and distribution that are involved in bringing a product to market, and can provide insight into the social, economic, and environmental impacts of commodity production. Farming: growing crops or raising livestock for food, fiber, or other products. 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Air quality may have improved, but it has not improved rapidly, so (D) is wrong. AP Human Geography is ideal for introductory-level AP learning. This leads to parts manufacturers needing to locate near auto assembly plants, for example. Diamonds and computer chips are some examples of footloose industries. The correct answer is (A) because most of the outsourced jobs were in unionized factories. AP Human Geography Test: Models of Development and Measures of Productivity and Global Economic Patterns; AP Human Geography Test: Location Principles; . Is vertically integrated. Mining: extracting minerals, such as coal, metal ores, and oil, from the earth. 649 . If this were to happen in a small town then many employees would be left without a job, leaving the town in an economic crises [sic]." In AP Human Geography, unit 6 covers the development of industrialization and the economic development of states across the world. Economic geographers interested in industrial location borrowed ideas and methodology from neo-classical economics. HdMR0Ow%YIt.?3yKqce{/=Il. Login . An example of a footloose industry is the Hi-Tech industry, where computing and other occurs. 0000001556 00000 n These countries often have lower levels of economic development and industrialization compared to the core countries, and may be more vulnerable to external economic and political pressures. OVERPOPULATION . Copper smelting and ethanol production are both bulk-reducing, so they would locate close to their raw materials. Jewelry-making is a footloose industry because its valuable, lightweight materials can be processed and assembled anywhere. One cost was to the environment. It is a point in the supply chain where the movement of goods is transferred from one form of transportation to another, typically in order to reach the final destination. If we assume that cows can graze just about anywhere and that milk is a perishable commodity, dairy production should be located close to the consumers the industry serves. The Rostow model is wrong because colonialism disrupts the natural pattern of industrialization. These industries often have spatially fixed costs, which means that the costs of the products do not change despite where the product is assembled. An Issue in Semantics,' by Ralph C. Allen and Jack H. Stone. Non-footloose industries generally require raw material availability within a time limit to make products. Intellectual property: creating and protecting intangible assets, such as patents, trademarks, and copyrights. Selling a product (C & D) falls into the tertiary sector, and data management of those sales is in the quaternary sector (E). It needs skilled workers as the industrial process is advanced and major work needs high-quality precision. As human development increases, both the natural increase rate and the infant mortality rate decline, which means they have negative relationships. 0000001095 00000 n Unit VI. STANDS4 LLC, 2023. 10 Qs . 12 Qs . Management consulting: providing advice and guidance to organizations on strategy, operations, and other business-related topics. These countries have experienced significant economic growth and development in recent years, but they are still not as economically advanced as the core countries of the global economy. - A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located. Industrialization has diffused throughout the world, reshaping all aspects of life. Smog is linked to carbon monoxide emissions, so (D) is the answer. Healthcare: providing medical services and treatments to individuals. If this activity does not load, try refreshing your browser. AP Human Geography Unit 6 Quiz Geography. . URL: 32. . 0000057821 00000 n These are generally not polluting industries. Cities are even spending significant money to present themselves as good locations for footloose industries by marketing and advertising. Forestry: harvesting trees for wood and other products, such as paper. An exclusive economic zone is an area of coastal water and seabed within a certain distance of a countrys coastline over which a country claims the exclusive rights to all economic activities. Manufacturing or other industry in which cost of transporting both raw materials and finished product is not important for determining location of the firm. A city's strategy is usually not to attract the most footloose of industries, because they often also produce the lowest-paying jobs. The periphery is often characterized by a lack of economic and political power, and may be heavily dependent on the core countries for trade, investment, and other forms of economic support. High-level management: making strategic decisions and setting the overall direction of an organization. . The core refers to the highly industrialized, economically advanced countries that dominate the global economy, while the periphery refers to the less industrialized, less economically developed countries that are often dependent on the core countries. Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. Particularly in industries that are labor intensive, where the products have high value per weight unit, and free trade is the norm, the propensity to frequently seek out new production sites is strong. What are footloose industries? The correct answer is (E). Let's take the example of a dairy. - form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly. Fishing: catching and harvesting seafood. For both resource and market orientation, the locational choices of industries are limited, or dressed in more theoretical language, and the so-called spatial margins to profitability are narrow. Answer (D) is plausible depending on the industry, but the correct answer is (E). Contain several discontinuous pieces of territory. This has contributed to economic and social challenges in many communities that were previously reliant on these industries. Answer (C) is illogical for the same reason; also, airplanes and ships are not normally used together. The United Kingdom: The UK has also experienced significant deindustrialization in recent decades, with the decline of industries such as coal mining, steel production, and shipbuilding. . Relative transportation costs have declined, which in effect expands the spatial margins to profitability for an increasing number of industries. Footloose industry. What are footloose industries? However, it tends to cluster for some of the above reasons and thus is not a good example of a contemporary footloose industry. It can involve a wide range of actors, including primary producers, manufacturers, distributors, wholesalers, and retailers. Developed vs Developing . 0000001927 00000 n The STANDS4 Network. Examples of quaternary production include: Quaternary production is often associated with highly skilled and knowledge-intensive industries. Please wait while the activity loads. 1 May 2023. AP Human Geography Shapes of States Fragmented States 2 types: those separated by water, and those separated by other countries. The correct answer is (B) because the secondary sector involves manufacturing. An industry in which the final product weighs more or has a greater volume than the inputs. Total Cards 34 Subject Geography Level Undergraduate 1 Created 03/31/2011 Click here to study/print these flashcards . (150 words). <<291f632947ad3443b6e844c06ca19368>]>> Knowing that fact eliminates answers (A) and (B). How did the diffusion of industrialism affect people around the world? These are generally non-polluting industries. rather than keeping large inventories of components, companies keep just what they need for short-term production and new parts are shipped quickly as they are needed. Allen and Stone set a timeline of the term from the 1940's onward, studying the impact that developments in communication and production have had o. Discuss the positive and negative effects of globalization on farmers in India. Illustrate with examples. Once a ship arrives in a port, its cargo may be put onto trains that move the cargo to distribution centers all over the county. GDP is a tempting answer, but countries like China and India have high GDPs and low standards of living compared to most European countries. 3.4k plays . Like the inputs, the output is lightweight and can be easily transported to the markets. This economics-related article is a stub. People are not going back to farming or other primary-sector employment, so (E) is wrong too. Moreover, they produce in relatively small quantities, employing smaller workforces and are considered to be more efficient from an ecological point of view. Information and translations of Footloose industry in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Most of the raw materials are small and light and can be transported easily. Jobs are outsourced to Mexico because Mexican workers accept lower wages than American workers, and the factories are located just across the border as opposed to further away to reduce transportation costs. Examples of countries or regions that have experienced deindustrialization include: Deindustrialization is a complex process that can have significant impacts on communities and economies, and can be difficult to address. Footloose industry is a general term for an industry that can be placed and located at any location without effect from factors of production such as resources, land, labour, and capital. 0000000016 00000 n Industrialization & Economic Development (13-17%) In AP Human Geography, unit 6 covers the development of industrialization and the economic development of states across the world. Multiple-choice 30 seconds 1 pt The shift of manufacturing within the U.S. to the South can be explained by all of the following traits of the South EXCEPT lower wages increased population more government regulations more land available for development greater accessibility to numerous highways 3. Makes communication difficult. The correct answer is (D). Because Coca Cola is a Footloose industry. A large quantity goods would be transported via ship because an airplane would require several trips, which would then increase transportation costs. Use your browser's back button to return to your test results. The Hoyt sector model relates to urban geography, and Von Thnens land-use model relates to agricultural geography, which means those answers can be eliminated. GDP per capita, however, adjusts for the change in population and is the correct answer. The percentage of people employed in agriculture also declines as machines replace human beings and as modern farming techniques increase crop yields. For example, a ship may be used to transport goods from one country to another, and then a truck or train can be used to transport the goods to the final destination within the country. You have not finished your quiz. These are called footloose as these type of industries are prone to relocation. 67 0 obj<>stream Footloose Industries - An industry which's location is not influenced strongly by access to much materials or markets; can operate a large range of locations. Dependency theory. AP Human Geography Ethnicity, Race, and Political Geography . 2.4k plays . are preferred to facilitate quick movement of skilled workers and high-value outputs. The opposite is true for a footloose industry. 0000001017 00000 n 2. The tertiary sector is often considered to be the service sector of the economy, as it involves the provision of intangible goods and services rather than physical goods. AP Human Geography Vocabulary Terms 31. 0000002640 00000 n . 20 Qs . Some measure the total output of each country, the distribution of income, rates of childbirth, the number of people who can read, or rates of literacy, and the different opportunities available to males and females. All content of site and practice tests copyright 2017 Max. %%EOF xb```")[ p}gR10d+8&xB% H6/<4GR@P%m p1rq@64^;i! . However, the situation is different from a global perspective. Free trade associations (C) were a cause of deindustrialization, not an effect. Popular AP Human Geography sets 1.1, 1.4 Scale of analysis and Regional analysis FIRST SET OF VOCAB Second set of pop vocab Migration Culture Language Religion 4.1-4.3 Agriculture The correct answer is (E). Industrial regions, where footloose industry is the most dominant, are often located along motorway corridors. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, and Africa has only recently industrialized. Such a company may therefore be more prone to relocation, hence the term footloose. It needs skilled workers as the industrial process is advanced and major work needs high-quality precision. Such incentives include tax subsidies, land to build on, and infrastructure accommodations. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Any items you have not completed will be marked incorrect. The core concept remains the same, however: A footloose industry does not have a strong locational preference because the resources, production skills, and consumers on which it depends can be found in numerous places. The basic premises of footloose industries are derived from the work of German economist Alfred Weber, who was probably the first to theorize on the location of industries in the beginning of the 20th century. It can also help to identify opportunities for improvement and innovation in the production and distribution process. Quinary production is typically carried out by highly educated and experienced individuals, and can have significant impacts on the direction and performance of the economy. It includes all of the steps, from the extraction of raw materials to the final sale of the finished product to the consumer. Outsourcing. 0000007475 00000 n Footloose industry is a general term for an industry that can be placed and located at any location without effect from factors such as resources or transport. The industries are also located close to traditional university towns where the necessary skilled workers are likely to reside. So, whether the honey is processed near the source of the raw materials or at the location of the final product demand, the transportation costs are the same.[1]. Footloose industry - an industry in which cost of transporting both raw materials and finished product is not important for determining location of the firm. The M4 corridor provides businesses with excellent transport links and good access to international airports. If loading fails, click here to try again, percentage of people employed in agriculture. Industries that only manufacture technology. Industries that can be relocated and not be affected by factors such as transportation, and they don't have to be located near resources. 4. export processing zone: industries industry . The number of children born to each woman per thousand women. There are a number of ways in which governments and communities can respond to deindustrialization, such as by investing in education and training to help workers adapt to new industries, supporting the development of new businesses and industries, and implementing policies to promote economic development and growth. The clothing industry, for example, is such a footloose industry that has developed a truly global pattern. Government administration: managing the operations of the government and implementing policies. The commodity chain can include activities such as raw material extraction, manufacturing, distribution, marketing, and retail. "Footloose industry." The locational logic described so far has become less powerful over time for a couple of reasons. Hospitality: providing accommodation, food, and other services to travelers. It can also lead to a loss of competitiveness in international markets and a decline in the overall standard of living. Such a resource-oriented location is often combined with good access to important transportation routes. Research and development: conducting scientific and technological research to advance knowledge and create new products and technologies. The correct answer is (B) and requires memorizing the Rostow model. AP Exams are regularly updated to align with best practices in college-level learning. Information technology: designing, developing, and maintaining computer systems and software. From there, goods are put onto trucks for delivery to stores. They play a crucial role in the global supply chain, as they facilitate the movement of goods and materials around the world. Q. A salesperson sells the table at a furniture store. 0000000716 00000 n They usually have significant investments in physical infrastructure, they are dependent on local skills and capacities that have been built up over time, and they may share resources and support services with other companies. Some industries may have a strong resource orientation, that is,if the raw material used in a production process is heavy and bulky in character, it makes sense to be located close to those natural resources. Answers (A), (B), and (C) are completely false. The key characteristics a footloose industry are: These industries are crucial for the development of areas which lack locational advantages with respect to heavy and small industries like port facilities, availability of raw materials, etc. The number of women who die per hundred thousand births. Situation Factors. It was once a hub of heavy industry, but has experienced significant deindustrialization in recent decades due to the loss of manufacturing jobs and the closure of factories. Retail: selling goods and services to consumers. Farming: growing crops or raising livestock for food, fiber, or other products. . 0 Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Telegram (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Ethics play important role in our society. Discuss the key characteristics a footloose industry. THE IDEA OF FOOTLOOSE industries has changed along with the transformation from an industrial to a postindustrial economy. !500 Discuss the key characteristics of a footloose industry. The correct answer is (A). The percentage of women in the labor force compared to men. Web. The percentage of women who have completed high school. With the globalization of the economy, the spatial margins to profitability have widened to encompass large areas of the world. Moreover, the contemporary postindustrial economy is more and more characterized by flow of information and people rather than bulky goods, which has made traditional transportation cost-based location analysis less relevant. Although locational factors are not much important for footloose industries, those areas are preferred where input costs can be minimised and output realisation can be maximised. 14. Includes examples. (150 words). Explain good governance and ethical governance with suitable examples. A geographer makes a map of furniture sales in a metropolitan region. 30 seconds. Sugar industry, jute industry and tea industry are the examples of non-footloose industries. development, and world systems, Contemporary patterns and impacts of industrialization and development, Spatial organization of the world economy, 2016 - Question 1: Development - Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary economic activities, 2014 - Question 1: Compare Rostow & Wallerstein models of development, 2013 - Question 1: Agglomeration industries: Silicon Valley, 2011 - Question 3: Industrial Location: Auto Industry in the United States, 2010 - Question 1: Weber's Least Cost Theory: Location of Ethanol Plants in the US, 2008 - Question 3: Gender Development/Education, 2007 - Question 2: International Division of Labor, 2006 - Question 2: Location of Services: Call Centers, 2004 - Question 1: Location of Industries: Maquiladora Plants in Mexico, 2001 - Question 3: Rostow's Stages of Development, 2008 - Question 1: Von Thunen Model/Burgess Concentric Zone Model Comparison (Agriculture/Industry), Industrial Revolution: Start, Growth, and Diffusion. Tags: . Ozone depletion is linked to chlorofluorocarbons, which eliminates all answers except (A) and (D). Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Commodity, Footloose Industries, Outsourcing and more. All of the other choices encourage global trade. The student earned 2 points for the discussion of the concept of footloose industries: "many call centers have been moving oversees [sic] for cheaper labor. Workers wanting to live near their place of work increases the demand for housing and puts pressure on green belt land. Unit 6 Review (Industry) 4 min read december 20, 2021. Ap Human Geography Chapter 11 Answers - Flashcards Get access to high-quality and unique 50 000 college essay examples and more than 100 000 flashcards and test answers from around the world! trailer The hightech industry is sometimes considered a typical footloose industry because it is neither resource- or market-oriented. Not to be outcompeted by their neighbors, other cities answer with similar measures, which have brought an era of unparalleled interurban competition. Sometimes also referred to as Multi-national corporations (MNC's). Deglomeration. For several reasons, industries may not be as footloose as sometimes portrayed. The Internet and other forms of advanced communication technology are said to make location completely detached from both resource and market considerations. Footloose industry is a general term for an industry that can be placed and located at any location without effect from factors such as resources or transport. comparative costs of transportation), industrial location, economic 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. It is an important driver of economic growth and development in many countries. countries have the advantage in trade over. 10. footloose firms: . 18. Examples of countries that might be considered part of the periphery include many countries in Africa, Latin America, and parts of Asia. Last edited on 28 September 2020, at 00:40, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Footloose_industry&oldid=980712196, This page was last edited on 28 September 2020, at 00:40. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). xref Policy development: creating and implementing policies and plans at the national or international level. Telemarketing is a footloose industry and can locate anywhere because it does not change bulk. The weight of the raw honey and wax is the same as the finishing product. The correct answer is (E). Large factories were needed to produce all the parts of a manufactured good. The greatest concentration of all in the UK is along the M4 corridor between London and Cardiff in South Wales. Also, this page requires javascript. The Richter Scale of Cultural Development was from the television show Star Trek. Footloose industries became prevalent in geographic parlance during the quantitative approach in geography from the 1950s onward. 30 seconds. 1 pt. As you are reviewing for this unit, focus on the key concepts! Footloose industry is a general term for an industry that can be placed and located at any location without effect from factors such as resources or transport. These industries often have spatially fixed costs, which means that the costs of the products do not change despite where the product is assembled. The correct answer is (A). The numerical value of Footloose industry in Chaldean Numerology is: 5, The numerical value of Footloose industry in Pythagorean Numerology is: 9. 2006 AP Human Geography Released Exam (Sorted by Difficulty) Production of agricultural products destined primarily for direct consumption by the producer rather than for market is called (A) plantation farming (B) hunting and gathering (C) subsistence agriculture (D) sedentary cultivation (E) shifting-field agriculture The key characteristics of a footloose industry are: These are less dependent on specific raw material, Most of the raw materials are small and light and can be transported easily. 2.3k plays . This means that less skilled and lower paid workers are priced out of the market in desirable areas.