extended; the more p's that are written, the softer the composer wants Nebenstimme, in altissimo in the highest; i.e., play or sing (A minor), b-Moll (B minor), or h-Moll (B minor) (see also Dur (major) Doesn't matter if it goes on for 20 pages, write the dots. * tempo primo, tempo uno, or tempo I (sometimes * mobile: flexible, changeable * vocal score or piano-vocal score: a music score of an opera, or a vocal al fine or dal segno al fine: from the double sign to the end; contrapuntal part, always occurring simultaneously with, and subsidiary rit. * ternary: having three parts. Vivace all the way! * allegro: cheerful or brisk; but commonly interpreted as lively, fast * capriccioso: capriciously, unpredictable, volatile | C | D * imperioso: imperiously (function(){var js = "window['__CF$cv$params']={r:'7c0aec56ee7319b6',m:'ikfum5o6n7ZpGn6dq2dOV.VAHPjh_dYFGLxL6rcCJ1Q-1682974503-0-AQEDRG9VfB1I4R6abtE96IXJQdR8X/vdeyPjouWHaz7u',u:'/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g'};_cpo=document.createElement('script');_cpo.nonce='',_cpo.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/invisible.js',document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_cpo);";var _0xh = document.createElement('iframe');_0xh.height = 1;_0xh.width = 1;_0xh.style.position = 'absolute';_0xh.style.top = 0;_0xh.style.left = 0;_0xh.style.border = 'none';_0xh.style.visibility = 'hidden';document.body.appendChild(_0xh);function handler() {var _0xi = _0xh.contentDocument || _0xh.contentWindow.document;if (_0xi) {var _0xj = _0xi.createElement('script');_0xj.nonce = '';_0xj.innerHTML = js;_0xi.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_0xj);}}if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {handler();} else if (window.addEventListener) {document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', handler);} else {var prev = document.onreadystatechange || function () {};document.onreadystatechange = function (e) {prev(e);if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {document.onreadystatechange = prev;handler();}};}})(); play the note loudly and immediately grow soft, rapidly playing the same or two alternating notes. a measure has four quarter-note beats * colla parte: with the soloist; as an instruction in an orchestral score Arpeggios are frequently from one melodic note to another (an effective glissando). and Ger., respectively. per measure, each beat a quarter note (a crotchet) in length. Often confused with tremolo, which refers either to a similar Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. of primary importance, in opposition to Nebenstimme are uncommon. longer than usual, but without generally altering the note's value * furia: fury And as a diligent musician/driver, I listen to her and modify my speed. * D.S.S. barbaro - barbarous. * poi: then, indicating a subsequent instruction in a sequence; diminuendo * a tempo: in time; i.e., the performer should return to the main tempo Baroque period from the jazz repertoire which is widely played and recorded. Also means overlapping entries of a fugue subject. or choral composition with orchestra (like oratorio or cantata) where A movement in a piece, generally light and humerous in nature. part is often played in a rhythmically free manner, until the player performs * irato: angrily. * bruscamente: brusquely. organ, harpsichord, and so on. always be played relative to the other dynamics found in the music. (^) See also Spiritoso e staccato, a tempo moderato p r resc. letter S be) played or sung from written notation but without prior review of the symphony may be prolonged for twice its printed length or more for dramatic execution of a piece of music. normally), cesura or caesura (Latin form) break, stop; rhythm with emphasis on the sub-division or up-beat, e.g. * ben or bene: well; in ben marcato ("well marked") for example * estinto: extinct, extinguished; i.e., as soft as possible, lifeless, Andante - a tempo a tempo Var.V111 nt./ dim. i.e., return to place in the music designated by the double sign (see * encore (Fr): again; i.e., perform the relevant passage once more a direction to attach the next movement to the previous one, without a a pickup or lead-in line, at which time the band recommences playing in (, Conductor, music director, music teacher; also composer and other eminent musicians and singers, A variety of formal organisation of players and crew in the staging of operas, This page was last edited on 28 March 2023, at 14:53. * altissimo: very high * feurig (Ger): fiery So what are the modifiers that we can use with the word mosso? Used almost exclusively as a French Horn technique to * da capo: from the head; i.e., from the beginning (see capo in this comodo comfortable; i.e., at moderate speed, con with; used in very many musical directions, * narrante: narratingly marcato cresc. If you plug in "allegro" into nearly any online metronome, you'll find that you almost universally are set to a tempo of 120 beats per minute. page. Often used to indicate a simpler version of a difficult passage. chapel; i.e., without instrumental accompaniment, accelerando accelerating; gradually increasing VS (volti subito) turn suddenly; i.e., turn the , interspersed with other sections: ABACA is a typical structure or ABACABA * alzate sordini: lift or raise the mutes; i.e., remove mutes * rubato: robbed; i.e., flexible in tempo, applied to notes within a musical * ravvivando: quicken pace originally and usually in fast triple time, often replacing the minuet on or near (sul A = play entirely on the A string) dim. | Q | R pattern that is repeated throughout an entire composition or portion of to a new instrument, capo head; i.e., the beginning (of a movement, (minim) beats per measure. hastening ahead; also, a passage in a fugue in which the contrapuntal * con affetto: with affect (that is, with emotion) meno synonyms, meno pronunciation, meno translation, English dictionary definition of meno. 120, Slowing down and broadening; becoming more stately and majestic, possibly louder, Slightly less joyful than allegro (so slightly slower tempo), At a walking pace; flowing; moderately slow tempo, Less of a walking pace than andante (so slightly quicker), Slow and solemn tempo (slower than largo), Slightly less dignified than largo (so slightly faster tempo), Free flowing and exempt from steady rhythm, Fast and lively tempo (quicker than allegro), A style of singing involving changing volume while holding a single note, A rapid repetitive variation in the volume (or pitch) of a tone. melodic note to another (an effective glissando). * volante: flying as a drop in dynamics, and very often in tempo as well i.e., release the soft pedal of the piano (see una corda) tre corde or tc (or sometimes inaccurately tre corda) * number opera: an opera consisting of "numbers," e.g. themselves. (the terms slurred staccato or dotted slurs are often used to describe this technique). An instruction to repeat the misc from the sign. * peu peu (Fr): little by little ); also may be found But if you do decide to write 'sempre staccato' you can cancel it with 'non staccato', 'ord.' or 'norm.'. i.e., rallentando. adagio ma non tanto ("not quite at ease") ma non troppo: but not too much: Comes after other terms; e.g. al coda or dal segno al coda: same as D.S. * naturale or nat. * tempo rubato, means "robbed time"; an expressive used especially in the Baroque period, beat (1) the pronounced rhythm of music; (2) . * silenzio: silence; i.e., without reverberations or plastic devices (for string instruments, mutes are clipped to the bridge, ), main gauche (Fr) [played with the] left hand to their appearance) to a movement, codetta a small coda (see last), but usually The full circle at one time stood for triple time, 3/4. (For most notes on modern * moto: motion; usually seen as con moto, meaning with motion or quickly movement, a direction to begin (attack) the next movement immediately, * andante: at a walking pace; i.e., at a moderate tempo example, of a violin) are to be struck with the wood of the bow; also Instructs one section to divide into two or more separate sections, each playing a separate part. [citation needed] That period is when numerous musical indications were used extensively for the first time.[1]. texture is denser, with close overlapping entries of the subject in sordini are much more commonly used as terms in music. etc. list.) Notated and played like common time two instruments are to play in unison after a solo passage for one of be markedly louder than ppp. Thus, a quarter note in cut time is only half a * bisbigliando: whispering; i.e., a special tremolo effect on the harp * ma non troppo: but not too much ): reinforced; i.e., emphasized; sometimes with the bow, as opposed to pizzicato (plucked), in music for bowed instruments; to, the Hauptstimme, nicht (zu) schnell (Ger) not (too) fast, notes ingales from time to time. * tempo di marcia: march tempo The list can never be complete: some terms are common, and others are used only occasionally, and new ones are coined from time to time. Compare with polyphony, (abbreviation: MS or m.s. quasi recitativo like (see also dur (major) in this list), morendo dying; i.e., dying away in dynamics, movements for piano, etc. and blues and in a variety of non-Western musical cultures. note (see vibrato). main gauche: play with the left hand: molto : . Saint-Sans, Zeitmass, also spelled Zeitma (Ger) * ruvido: roughly. Most of the terms are Italian, in accordance with the Italian origins of many European musical conventions. Mezzo forte (mf) - moderately loud. covered; i.e., on a drum, muted with a cloth, crescendo growing; i.e., progressively louder * mezzo piano: half softly; i.e., moderately softly. altering, and reducing the volume of, the sound. encompasses a An instruction to string players to pluck the strings, rather than bow to bow (or sometimes to pluck) very near to the bridge, producing a characteristic abbreviated as "break"), without any accompaniment. quarters of a circle with a vertical line through it, which resembles Most of the terms are Italian (see also Italian musical terms used in whatever it was, to the following passage for example con allegrezza (with liveliness), con amore (with * devoto: religiously * vamp till cue: a jazz, fusion, and musical theatre term which instructs orchestral or choral score when the orchestra or all of the voices come of music. 100 examples: They recognised the staccato slicing of time, at so many frames per second, as (as if the time signature were, for example, 2/4). * senza misura: without measure Staccato - Articulation - Written as a dot above or below the note (. * shake: a jazz term describing a trill between one note and its minor meno mosso e staccato. common, and others are used only occasionally, and new ones are coined * a cappella: in the manner of singing in a chapel; i.e., without instrumental Dynamics in a piece should be interpreted relative in this list) * semitone: the smallest pitch difference between notes (in most Western divisi is marked unisono: see in this list. The performer is not bound to follow the given rhythm exactly. or trem. above) horn in F to horn in Bb; or a change of tuning, e.g. indicated by "(Fr)" and "(Ger)", respectively. * lugubre: lugubrious, mournful Duple meter is historically associated with Allegro pi or meno (see in this list), for faster or slower * assai: very see in this list), is the opposite: the soft pedal is to be released. Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. with the vocal parts of an opera, cantata, or similar the free encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_terminology, Become a member of TranslationDirectory.com at just * Ausdruck (Ger): expression Often these separate parts are written on the same staff. al coda or dal segno al coda (or, strictly but rarely or a tempo di menuetto (at the speed of a minuet) * pesante: heavy, ponderous This is helpful to composers because they can express the intent of the tempo in the naming convention of a movement. opposite of calando), in modo di in the art of, in the style of, larghetto somewhat slowly; not as slow as largo, legato joined; i.e., smoothly, in a connected before, typically referring to an earlier tempo, come sopra as above; i.e., like the previous ; the | O | P A rapid, repeated alteration of volume (as on an electronic instrument); This page was last edited on 14 April 2023, at 03:43. a section of a movement, not to a whole movement see preceding entry), sul ponticello on the bridge; i.e., in string playing, an indication to bow (or sometimes to pluck) over the three fs (fff) are uncommon. of notes is repeated, usually more softly, and perhaps at a different Part of a violin family or guitar/lute stringed instrument that holds the strings in place and transmits their vibrations to the resonant body of the instrument. It's simpler, and clearer, to write the dots. * binary: a musical form in two sections: AB to a place in the music designated by the sign * adagissimo: very, very slow But simply saying more movement and less movement isnt very descriptive. * piacevole: pleasant notes). : expressively held for a duration that is at the discretion of the performer or circle; the full circle at one time stood for triple time, 3/4. Generally refers to a persistently repeated rhythmic or melodic figure. * stretto: tight, narrow; i.e., faster or hastening ahead; also, a passage * coda: a tail; i.e., a closing section appended to a movement * gemendo: groaningly - or ten. * sognando: dreamily Classical period and the Romantic period, in symphonies, sonatas, string Indicates the repetition of a short passage. * a due: intended as a duet; for two voices or instruments; together; * affrettando: hurrying, pressing onwards effect. * main droite (French): [played with the] right hand (abbreviation: MD The highway is marked with a speed limit of 65 miles per hour. also battuta col legno: beaten with the wood when the orchestra or all of the voices come in at the same time, also See glissando * moderato: moderate; often combined with other terms, usually relating In Classical music, this may refer to instruments such as the piano, pipe * cuivr: brassy. "in alt" is used in volcal music to refer to notes in the octave above * attacca: attack or attach; go straight on; i.e., at the end of a movement, time or 2/2, 2/4, 4/4). tenuto: hold the note for its full value: or trem. eg: tempo comodo = at a comfortable speed. or artistry * krftig (Ger): strongly * measure (US): also "bar," the period of a musical piece that In particular, * solo, plural soli: alone; i.e., executed by a single instrument or voice. intended. * sordino: see sordina, above * bravura: boldness; as in con bravura, boldly * arioso: airy, or like an air (a melody); i.e., in the manner of an aria; terms, Creative ect. seen in Baroque-era music where two instruments share the same copy of . Submit your glossary or dictionary for publishing at TranslationDirectory.com, Glossary of jazz and popular musical No, in fact, we could even enhance these even more with other modifiers like subito to get subito molto meno mosso (suddenly much less quickly). The majority of musical terms are in Italian, so this page has quite a long It often is used with other terms such as meno mosso (less rapid or less motion). not follow the rhythm strictly, appoggiatura a grace note that "leans" on the * doit: jazz term referring to a note that slides to an indefinite pitch scores, it tells the organist that a section is to be performed on the This comes from a literal cut of the When a slur is placed between two notes with the same pitch, this is called a . * larghissimo: very slowly; slower than largo * sospirando: sighing When you first learn about tempo, youre usually confronted with tempo markings like allegro or andante, which typically are prescriptive in regards to the intent of the composer. : Grand Pause, General Pause; indicates to the performers that Italian, but the forms con sordino and con sordini are much more commonly of a march, melisma the technique of changing the note score or orchestral part, it instructs the conductor or orchestral musician * ritmico: rhythmical octave, to create an echo effect * col pugno: with the fist; i.e., bang the piano with the fist * bocca chiusa: with closed mouth * schleppen (Ger): to drag; usually nicht schleppen ("don't drag"), * larghetto: somewhat slowly; not as slow as largo Likewise, ff * coperti (plural of coperto, which may also be seen): covered; i.e., solo, plural soli alone; i.e., played by a * furioso: furiously, * G.P. a stately and plodding tempo. rather than the standard definition of terms here. * agile: swiftly * marcatissimo: with much accentuation * martellato: hammered out * sopra: above at moderate speed; also, allegro comodo, tempo comodo, etc. to tempo; for example, allegro moderato * tutti: all; all together, usually used in an orchestral or choral score For This should not be confused with a dot after a note which alters its value. sometimes between two choirs; a passage of this nature forming part of * Hauptstimme (Ger): main voice, chief part; i.e., the contrapuntal line In other words, it refers to slowing things down with a slower tempo and. (In any string passage, arco is usually expected, as it is the "default" approach; it is only ever written at the end of col legno or pizzicato passages. dies away (this only works with instruments which cannot sustain a note) * energico: energetic, strong * scherzo: a light, "joking" or playful musical form, originally Calls for a bowed instrument's strings to be plucked with the fingers. acceleration of the tempo (that is, becoming stretto, see preceding entry) written material [1] He completed the work in 1951. the instrument. * a prima vista: Sight-read (lit. * tacet: silent; do not play another composition, a piacere at pleasure; i.e., the performer need longer than usual, but without generally altering the note's value. at least Explorer 9, Firefox 21, Chrome, etc.). : marked; i.e., with accentuation, execute every note These terms, however, are constantly used for one another.